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....................................................................................... 10
3 September 2012 .................................................................................. 12
3 Radiation fluxes at the surface ....................................................................... 16
4 Heat fluxes at the surface .............................................................................. 21
5 Net energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
hydrology with respect to hydropower
3 / 16
Ahlstrøm et al., 2009
• recent evaluation of the future hydropower potential
(Ahlstrøm et al., 2009)
• bed and surface topography (radar and LiDAR)
• scenarios of ice flow, mass balance and basin delineation
previous work
4 / 16
motivation
Ahlstrøm et al. (2009):
• only one RCM (HIRHAM4)
• limitations in mass balance modelling
CES project:
• 2 months
• conduct
/media/ces/Machguth_Horst_CES_2010.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
of how climate change will
impact our countries” says Árni.A sustainable solution Powered entirely by Icelandic hydropower and geothermal energy sources
and taking advantage of the local tempered climate for keeping the
supercomputer components cool, the running costs and CO2 footprint
will be kept to a minimum, saving tonnes of CO2 in line with the
four nations' efforts towards reaching Net/about-imo/news/joining-forces-in-weather-forecasting-and-climate-research
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26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 18
Uncertainty 3 – (partial) remedies
• Retrospective and prospective approaches
• (statistical) sensitivity analysis (data; parameters)
• error propagation analysis (how deviations develop in a model)
• benchmarking (accuracy compared to other models
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
)
is shown. At the margin the grid boxes of the RCAO RCM are
visible. The area between Illulisat and Swiss camp is commonly
called Paakitsôq.
respectively. The Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Swiss Camp and Crawford are located
on the ice sheet and are operated by the Greenland Climate Network (GC-net) (Steffen and
Box, 2001). The locations of the stations are indicated in Fig. 1, further details
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
recorded at 5-13 km depth, but fewer than
yesterday.
GPS deformation: Measurements from around Eyjafjallajökull indicate no major net
discplaceaments, suggesting a stabilization of the surface deformation
since yesterday.
Other remarks: Grainsize analysis of samples taken of ash that fell on May 3rd at 64
km distance from the eruption site shows that about 5 % of the ash is
smaller
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-05-07_IES_IMO.pdf
opportunity evaluation
Case studies
NOE Net
SEAS-NVE
Findings of case studies
• Distribution companies generally well
equipped for climate change
– Cabling of all overhead lines well under way
– Distribution boxes in areas with increased risk of
flooding are elevated already
– Salt spray further inland is becoming an increasing
problem for substations and transformers
Cabling in Denmark
/media/ces/James-Smith_Edward_CES_2010.pdf
represent annual winter precipitation sums calculatedfrom the stations and multiplied by a constant tuning factor. See Table 3 for explanation of the other runs
Table 3. Correlation (r) and root mean square error (rmse) between modelled and measured winter (bw), summer (bs) and net (bn) balancesat Storbreen. bw-m1: reference modelling bw where Psolid when Tair < 1ºC, bw-m2: Psolid when Tair < 3ºC, bs-m1
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
economic growth and over-
all emissions. {WGIII 3.2, TS.3, SPM}
Aerosols have a net cooling effect and the representation of
aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions, including sulphur diox-
ide, black carbon and organic carbon, has improved in the post-
SRES scenarios. Generally, these emissions are projected to be lower
than reported in SRES. {WGIII 3.2, TS.3, SPM}
Available studies indicate
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf