temperature at 2 mAGL...................................................................... 23
11 Upward latent heat flux from the ground ..................................................... 25
12 Net downward energy flux at the surface, without snowmelt ............................ 27
13 Net downward energy flux at the surface, with snowmelt ................................ 29
14 Average downward
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
of how climate change will
impact our countries” says Árni.A sustainable solution Powered entirely by Icelandic hydropower and geothermal energy sources
and taking advantage of the local tempered climate for keeping the
supercomputer components cool, the running costs and CO2 footprint
will be kept to a minimum, saving tonnes of CO2 in line with the
four nations' efforts towards reaching Net/about-imo/news/joining-forces-in-weather-forecasting-and-climate-research
22N) from till
Illulisat DMI 50 10 105 497382 7681278 Ta 1.1.81 6.4.06
Station 437 ASIAQ 275 340 311 531316 7709513 Ta 5.9.83 1.6.06
Swiss Camp GC-net 1150 1115 780 566396 7719204 Ta, Sin 1.1.95 8.5.06
Crawford GC-net 2022 1795 1982 654464 7757807 Ta, Sin 24.5.95 2.5.06
2
2.3 RCM Data
Output from two RCMs is used: (1) the regional coupled ocean-atmosphere model RCAO
(Döscher et al., 2002) and (2/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
recorded at 5-13 km depth, but fewer than
yesterday.
GPS deformation: Measurements from around Eyjafjallajökull indicate no major net
discplaceaments, suggesting a stabilization of the surface deformation
since yesterday.
Other remarks: Grainsize analysis of samples taken of ash that fell on May 3rd at 64
km distance from the eruption site shows that about 5 % of the ash is
smaller
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-05-07_IES_IMO.pdf
opportunity evaluation
Case studies
NOE Net
SEAS-NVE
Findings of case studies
• Distribution companies generally well
equipped for climate change
– Cabling of all overhead lines well under way
– Distribution boxes in areas with increased risk of
flooding are elevated already
– Salt spray further inland is becoming an increasing
problem for substations and transformers
Cabling in Denmark
/media/ces/James-Smith_Edward_CES_2010.pdf
(CBA can be subset
of SCBA)
• CEA: cost-effectiveness analysis – this is used if for (a part of)
the intended impacts no (shadow) price can be established (or
when that is contentious)
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 9
Cost-benefit analysis – the basics 2
• Metrics:
• Net present value (NPV) :
• Internal Rate of Return (IRR): r = r* such that NPV = 0
• Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C ratio):
• Macro
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
to highly
negative summer balances, but also lower bw than
the average for 1949–2006. Calculated change in
specific mass balance for a ±1°C change in air tem-
perature was ±0.55 m w.e., whereas a ±10 % in-
crease in precipitation represented a change of ±
0.20 m w.e. Model results further indicated that for
a 2°C warming, the ablation season will be extend-
ed by c. 30 days and that the period
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
loop learning and innovation.
The original remit was to analyze the projected climate change impacts on the projected
needs for road maintenance on Finnish national road network while maintaining existing
levels of service. However, in light of the need to radically reduce transport sector GHG
emissions in order to keep average global warming under a 2 degree threshold (IPCC,
2007
/media/loftslag/Group4.pdf