6 Net downward shortwave radiation flux at the surface .................................... 18
7 Net downward longwave radiation flux at the surface ..................................... 19
8Net downward total radiation flux at the surface............................................ 20
9 Upward sensible heat flux from the ground .................................................. 22
10 Air
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
Av. Ed.
Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
Received: 21 March 2011 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 6 April 2011
Revised: 5 October 2011 – Accepted: 20 October 2011 – Published: 2 November 2011
Abstract. The Little Ice Age maximum extent of glaciers in
Iceland was reached about 1890 AD and most glaciers in the
country have retreated during the 20th century. A model for
the surface mass balance
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
data, models or analyses, then
the following scale of confidence levels is used to express the assessed chance of a finding being correct: very high confidence at least 9 out
of 10; high confidence about 8 out of 10; medium confidence about 5 out of 10; low confidence about 2 out of 10; and very low confidence less
than 1 out of 10.
Where uncertainty in specific outcomes is assessed using expert
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
............................................................................................................... 8
PAST AND PRESENT CHANGES IN CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY
Dyrrdal, A.V., Vikhamar-Schuler, D., Stranden, H.B. and Skaugen, T.
Analysis of past snow conditions in Norway – Time periods 1931-60, 1961-90 and 1979-08 ............................. 10
Crochet, P.
Impacts of historic climate variations on streamflow characteristics in Icelandic rivers
/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
glacier, and a general land rise
along the southern coast and in the countries interior (figure 1). This rise results from recent melt
of the Icelandic glaciers, which have been melting since the late 19th century. An acceleration in
land uplift is even evident in the Southeast. STL analysis of vertical GPS measurements in 1997-
2015 from Höfn in Hornafjörður show over 8 mm/yr uplift in the first
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
)
is shown. At the margin the grid boxes of the RCAO RCM are
visible. The area between Illulisat and Swiss camp is commonly
called Paakitsôq.
respectively. The Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Swiss Camp and Crawford are located
on the ice sheet and are operated by the Greenland Climate Network (GC-net) (Steffen and
Box, 2001). The locations of the stations are indicated in Fig. 1, further details
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Integrated
• Infrastructure
• Large size, indivisibilities, layers, network effects
• Long lifetime, economic & spatial structuring
• Public good features, implications of market organization
8/26/2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 3
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 4
Climate change impacts – temporal profiles
Duration of the state resulting from the change* Temporal profile of
the
unfolding of the
change
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
). Meteorological observations carried
out on Storbreen in the summer of 1955 (Liestøl1967) revealed that net radiation is the most impor-tant contributor to the ablation at Storbreen. An au-tomatic weather station (AWS) has bee operatedin the ablation zone of Storbreen since September2001 providing a near-continuous series of meteor-
ology and surface energy balance data. Analysis ofthe first five years
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
Journal of Physics Conference Series, Vol. 75. 8 pp.
Reihan A, & Loigu E. (2007). Recent trends in water discharges of Estonian rivers. Third International Conference on Climate and Water. 3-6 September 2007, Helsinki. ISBN 978-952-11-2790-8, p.386-393.
Reihan, A., Kriauciuniene, J., Koltsova, T. & Saul, M. (2010).Temporal variation of spring flood in rivers of the Baltic States In: Hydrology: From
/ces/publications/nr/1943