....................................................................................... 10
3 September 2012 .................................................................................. 12
3 Radiation fluxes at the surface ....................................................................... 16
4 Heat fluxes at the surface .............................................................................. 21
5 Net energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
hydrology with respect to hydropower
3 / 16
Ahlstrøm et al., 2009
• recent evaluation of the future hydropower potential
(Ahlstrøm et al., 2009)
• bed and surface topography (radar and LiDAR)
• scenarios of ice flow, mass balance and basin delineation
previous work
4 / 16
motivation
Ahlstrøm et al. (2009):
• only one RCM (HIRHAM4)
• limitations in mass balance modelling
CES project:
• 2 months
• conduct
/media/ces/Machguth_Horst_CES_2010.pdf
Manage- Basic Purchase Road Road net- Const- Acquisi- Govern- Com- Participati- Value Miscel- Total 2009
ment and road of equip- system work post- ruction tion of ment missi- on of the added laneous cost
operating manage- ment develop- poned-, of land grants ons European tax over- level
costs ment ment comprehen- build- and com- Regional De- heads
1991- 1991- sive- and ings pensation
/media/loftslag/Traffc-maintenance_expenditures.pdf
)
is shown. At the margin the grid boxes of the RCAO RCM are
visible. The area between Illulisat and Swiss camp is commonly
called Paakitsôq.
respectively. The Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Swiss Camp and Crawford are located
on the ice sheet and are operated by the Greenland Climate Network (GC-net) (Steffen and
Box, 2001). The locations of the stations are indicated in Fig. 1, further details
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
Integrated
• Infrastructure
• Large size, indivisibilities, layers, network effects
• Long lifetime, economic & spatial structuring
• Public good features, implications of market organization
8/26/2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 3
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 4
Climate change impacts – temporal profiles
Duration of the state resulting from the change* Temporal profile of
the
unfolding of the
change
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
represent annual winter precipitation sums calculatedfrom the stations and multiplied by a constant tuning factor. See Table 3 for explanation of the other runs
Table 3. Correlation (r) and root mean square error (rmse) between modelled and measured winter (bw), summer (bs) and net (bn) balancesat Storbreen. bw-m1: reference modelling bw where Psolid when Tair < 1ºC, bw-m2: Psolid when Tair < 3ºC, bs-m1
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
), it was decided to broaden the remit to include both mitigation and adaptation
measures across the broad range of transport systems.
Expected main climate effects for Finland in relation to the national road network: 1)
Wetter winters with lower snowfall and more rain, 2) increase in freeze/thaw cycles in
winter in the southern parts of Finland, 3) higher frequency and severity of storms, 4)
hotter
/media/loftslag/Group4.pdf
to the annual temperatures
during 20032007. The low AAR and the high mass
balance sensitivity (e.g., Jo´hannesson 1997) to a uni-
form temperature rise (Table 4) at both Torfajo¨kull and
Tindfjallajo¨kull during the warm last decade are con-
sistent with their low and narrow elevation range
(Fig. 1).
Table 3 (a) Average specific net balance (bn), at the Eyjafjallajo¨kull (E), Torfajo¨kull
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
for the cases where abstractions and
irrigation are not included (Table 3, top) and included
(Table 3, bottom). The results are spatially averaged, mean
annual values for the 15-year period. The net recharge is
defined as the outflow from the root zone minus the sum of
evapotranspiration and net flow from the groundwater zone
to the overland compartment for the grids where the soil
profile
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
economic growth and over-
all emissions. {WGIII 3.2, TS.3, SPM}
Aerosols have a net cooling effect and the representation of
aerosol and aerosol precursor emissions, including sulphur diox-
ide, black carbon and organic carbon, has improved in the post-
SRES scenarios. Generally, these emissions are projected to be lower
than reported in SRES. {WGIII 3.2, TS.3, SPM}
Available studies indicate
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf