is on the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. With the southern
boundary at 47 N, the study domain covers Newfoundland, but excludes various marginal and
inland seas with significant independent storm activity, such as the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas, as well as the Black and Caspian Seas. The northern boundary at 80 N takes the domain
up to Fram Strait, including Svalbard, but excluding
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
A 1x1 km digital elevation model derived from a 500 m DEM (Icelandic Meteorological Of-
fice, National Land Survey of Iceland, Science Institute, University of Iceland, and National
Energy Authority. 2004), a soil map from the Agricultural University of Iceland and a map of
the bedrock geology from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History (Jarðfræðikort af Íslandi -
Berggrunnur - 1:600.000 - NI
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
it will be one of the main aspects
of this paper.
2.3. Properties
The elements of a Fuzzy Cognitive Map are as follows:
Concepts: C1, C2, . . ., Cn. These represent the drivers and
constraints that are considered of importance to the issue under
consideration.
State vector: A = (a1, a2, . . ., an), where ai denotes the state of the
node Ci. The state vector represents the value of the concepts
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
in July 2016 on a Delta II rocket from
Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
ICESat-2 will carry the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) and collect
data to a latitudinal limit of 88 degrees. In contrast to Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
(GLAS) on ICESat, ATLAS employs a 6-beam micro-pulse laser photon-counting approach.
It uses a high repetition rate (10 kHz; 70 cm
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
wide and
1000 m long shelf called Þófi, terminating at 80–100 m a.s.l., see Map 4. The inclination of
the shelf is 15 on average. The surface of Þófi is covered with unconsolidated glacial till and
landslide deposits and marked with five gullies. The brook called Þófalækur near the middle of
the shelf divides it into an inner and outer part. On the outermost part of the shelf, there is a small
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
.............................. 41
39 From left to right, the horizontal axis has the following SYNOP codes (in groups):
21 - 60,61 - 62,63 - 64,65 - 68 - 80 - 81 - 82. ................................................ 42
40 From left to right, the horizontal axis has the following SYNOP codes (in groups):
22 - 26 - 27,87 - 70,71 - 74....................................................................... 43
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
by the manufacturers.
Enercon E44 Vestas V80
Rotor diameter [m] 44 80
Hub height [m] 55 67
Rated power [kW] 900 2000
Cut-in speed [m s 1] 3 4
Rated speed [m s 1] 15 16
Cut-out speed [m s 1] 28 25
For any given turbine, there are three important characteristic wind speeds. The cut-in speed is the
lowest wind speed at which a turbine can generate usable power. The rated speed is the lowest wind
speed at which
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
.................... 85
8
Figure 57 50% PM10 probability map for an eruption like 1362 at Öræfajökull ..................... 86
Figure 58 The probability of exceedance curve at key locations (Öræfajökull) ...................... 87
Figure 59 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground on 7 May 1982 (Öræfajökull) ................. 88
Figure 60 Tephra accumulation rate on the ground on 5 May 1981 (Öræfajökull
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_004.pdf