ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
IN SPAIN
By
Ana Gargallo-Castel
Department of Business Administration
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
44003 TERUEL, SPAIN
Phone: 00 34 978 61 81 01. Fax 00 34 978 61 81 03
Email: gargallo@unizar.es
Luisa Esteban-Salvador
Department of Finance and Accounting
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
capability, data interpretation and communication have ad-
vanced with these events. In addition, before the unrest, a variety of
new instruments were installed around the Vatnajökull ice cap by
collaborators in the research project Futurevolc.
During the period of unrest, the Department of Civil Protection and
Emergency Management met regularly with scientists to discuss the
situation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
(). The circulation of Icelandic waters-a
modelling study. Ocean Science , –.
Nygaard, B. E. K., Hálfdán Ágústsson & K.
Somfalvi-Toth (). Modeling wet snow ac-
cretion on power lines: improvements to previ-
ous methods using years of observations.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
(), –.
Philippe Crochet (). Sensitivity of Icelandic
river basins to recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
with scientists
and local authorities.
Signs of the advancing jökulhlaup under
Skeidarárjökull came from station KAL (Figure
1b) in several 30- to 40-min-long episodes of
harmonic tremor (~4.5 and ~6.5 Hz) on 28
October. When these signs reappeared the fol-
lowing morning, 29 October, IMO contacted
NEAHS. Within hours, the electrical conductiv-
ity in the Skeidará river revealed an increasing
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
Numerical simulations
of precipitation in the complex terrain of Iceland—Comparison with glaciolog-
ical and hydrological data. Meteorol. Z., 16(1), 71–85.
Rögnvaldsson, Ó. and Ólafsson H. 2008. Dynamical downscaling of precipi-
tation – Part I: Comparison with glaciological data. Proceedings of the XXV
Nordic Hydrological Conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Tómasson, H. 1982. Vattenkraft i Island och dess
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
Discrete
numerical
Categorical Narrative
Constant in space and time A1 A2 A3
4Varies in time, not in space B1 B2 B3
Varies in space, not in time C1 C2 C3
It is noticed that the matrix is in reality three-dimensional
(source, type, nature). Thus, the categories type and nature
are not mutually exclusive, and it may be argued that the ma-
trix should be modified in such a way that the two uncer
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and Irrigationa
Scenario Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Current 101 85 59 13 6 4 1 6 39 79 84 97
A2 145 132 73 10 10 7 6 8 4 75 92 123
B2 137 119 75 16 6 6 6 5 21 74 110 141
aValues are in millimeters.
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W00A15 VAN ROOSMALEN ET AL.: CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE W00A15
time and larger area where groundwater levels rise above
the drain levels. Table 6 shows the mean discharges
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