17 24 64
Sustainability Eventually 5 3 30 28 66
Fortress Europe 18 11 30 23 72
Policy Rules 6 5 13 17 41
Total 44 27 8092 243
844 K. Kok et al. / Technological Forecasting & Social Change 78 (2011) 835–851
Author's personal copy
sector. The presence of various climate-related strategies is a consequence of the presence of climate-related obstacles and
opportunities.
3.4.6. Robust elements
Results
/media/loftslag/Kok_et_al._TFSC_published_2011.pdf
list to fill
up the empty places. EUMETSAT is sending 3-5 participants representing the Baltic
countries or other member states. The number of students at the course is 20-25.
Finances
The host country is responsible for the finances and reports to EUMETSAT and its own
Economy department.
There is no course fee.
The host country covers the cost for its own participants and teachers. The host
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/NOMEK09_Report.pdf
(Quante and Colijn, 2016). Work on risk analysis and adaptation is in different
stages in the countries of the world.
Coastal floods have caused problems in Iceland in the past (Jóhannsdóttir, 2017) and are likely to do
so in the future as well. Large coastal floods can be expected in Iceland every 10 - 20 years and the
probability of such events can rise with climate change (Almannavarnir, 2011
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
activities.
Anne K. Fleig et al. “Regional hydrological droughts and weather types in north-western Europe “
University of Oslo Droughts WTs SummaryRelationsIntroduction Outlook
Hydrological drought in NW-Europe: Data
5
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/media/ces/AnneFleig_May2010_CES.pdf
Discrete
numerical
Categorical Narrative
Constant in space and time A1 A2 A3
4Varies in time, not in space B1 B2 B3
Varies in space, not in time C1 C2 C3
It is noticed that the matrix is in reality three-dimensional
(source, type, nature). Thus, the categories type and nature
are not mutually exclusive, and it may be argued that the ma-
trix should be modified in such a way that the two uncer
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
(see e.g.
Steg, 2003). In studies from several countries, push
measures are perceived as less acceptable compared to
pull measures (e.g. Ho¨lzer, 2003; Rienstra, Rietveld, &
Verhoef, 1999; Steg & Vlek, 1997). For example, in a
European study, over 90% of the car users supported
improved public transport and park-and-ride schemes,
while less than 20% approved of reduced parking space
and cordon
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_Garvill_Nordlund_2006.pdf
on the costs of
weather related delays and interruptions. Leviäkangas (2007) mentions an amount of 20 ~ 30
million euro per year. As mentioned before over time road users will start to adapt if they realize
that certain delays occur too frequently. Responses could vary from shifts in departure time to
switching to another mode or even relocation of activities.
A note on service levels
In road
/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
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