/ design,
availability, materials, ICT,
modal split)
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 5
Categorising stages of adaptation
Passive Adaptation
- automatic in nature
and economy
- only ex post measures
(no anticipation)
Active Adaptation
- automatic in nature
and economy
- ex ante and ex post
policies
Emission scenario dependent
baseline (A1-T, B1, A2, etc.)
Reference costs and benefits
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
(). The circulation of Icelandic waters-a
modelling study. Ocean Science , –.
Nygaard, B. E. K., Hálfdán Ágústsson & K.
Somfalvi-Toth (). Modeling wet snow ac-
cretion on power lines: improvements to previ-
ous methods using years of observations.
Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
(), –.
Philippe Crochet (). Sensitivity of Icelandic
river basins to recent
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
(Quante and Colijn, 2016). Work on risk analysis and adaptation is in different
stages in the countries of the world.
Coastal floods have caused problems in Iceland in the past (Jóhannsdóttir, 2017) and are likely to do
so in the future as well. Large coastal floods can be expected in Iceland every 10 - 20 years and the
probability of such events can rise with climate change (Almannavarnir, 2011
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
og dreifingu gjósku í eldgosum. Í
kjölfar Eyjaallajökulsgossins 2010
bættist önnur við á Austurlandi og
síðan tvær færanlegar, sérstaklega
til þess að vakta eldgosavá. Mynda-
safn Veðurstofu Íslands.
20
ÁRSSKÝRSLA 2019
Brúarfoss. Ljósmynd: Einar Guðmann.
21
„TÍMI OG BREYTILEIKI Í VATNAFRÆÐI“
Í tilefni af 50 ára afmæli Vatnamælinga 1997
„Í dag stöndum við andspænis þeirri staðreynd, að
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf
bodies of management,
decision-support, risk, and participation literature.
d’Aquino (2008)
Patrick d’Aquino relies on 20 years of
implementation and evaluation experience, mostly
in a natural resource management context and in
developing countries. His approach is, at this point,
the least conceptually developed design method of
the guides presented here, although it is linked to a
theoretical
/media/loftslag/vonKorff_etal-2010.pdf
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
Figure 2.3. An overview of the Geysir region. ..................................................................... 20
Figure 2.4 Testing different values for maximum group size in area A1. ............................ 23
Figure 2.5. Testing different values for maximum group size in area A1. ........................... 24
Figure 2.6. A map showing relative locations in box A1 for maximum
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf