6 Net downward shortwave radiation flux at the surface .................................... 18
7 Net downward longwave radiation flux at the surface ..................................... 19
8 Net downward total radiation flux at the surface............................................ 20
9 Upward sensible heat flux from the ground .................................................. 22
10 Air
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
): ~0.1 m w.e.
RCM analysis
HIRHAM4
RCAO
mean corr: 0.16 m w.e.
mean corr: 0.09 m w.e.
final results
bias correction:
• Ta = TaRCM + Toffset
• Pdaily = PRCM(daily) · (Pmeas(80-06) / PRCM(80-06))
• Sin : no bias correction required
discussion and synthesis
16 / 16
• scenarios?
• analysis of RCM performance
• complex bias pattern
• might contribute to improvement of RCMs
• RCMs for local glacier mass
/media/ces/Machguth_Horst_CES_2010.pdf
The CES Risk Assessment Framework
for distribution companies
Climate risk assessment in
distribution companies in Denmark
Edward James-Smith
Ea Energy Analyses
Objectives
• VTT developed risk assessment framework for
hydro power generators
• Ea Energy Analyses role to adapt the
framework for use by grid companies
Methodology
• Qualitative methodology
• Case studies
– Two Danish grid companies
/media/ces/James-Smith_Edward_CES_2010.pdf
conditions as a lower
boundary condition from the driving GCM. The RCAO model-output is from a pan-arctic
run for the years 1960–2080 at approx. 50 km resolution. The first 20 years of the model run
must be considered as spin-up time for the ocean module. The RCAO run is experimental
since the model is in a development state and the output has not yet been evaluated over
Greenland (Ralf Döscher, personal
/media/ces/ces_geus_paakitsoq_full_report.pdf
of market organisation alternatives
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 10
Cost-benefit analysis – the basics 3
Simple example: despite positive IRR still cash flow challenge years 1 - 8
CBA example - initial investment 100; interest and discount 5%;
operational cost +5%/y; benefits +10%/y; IRR = 7.4%
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
years
m
o
n
e
y
u
n
it
s
writing off
finance
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
(alb: AWS)
MODELLING LONG-TERM SUMMER AND WINTER BALANCES
? The authors 2009
Journal compilation ? 2009 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography 241
ed temperatures relative to –20°C to account for de-cay of snow albedo at temperatures below the melt-ing point, following a study by Winther (1993). Wetested both approaches, and chose to use –5°C asthe minimum for the accumulated temperature
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf