-1996
– 1997-2002
– Post 2002
Overall Effect of Wind Speed on
Damages
Damaged Homes By Wind Categories
100
120
0
20
40
60
80
< 120 120-
129
130-
139
140-
149
> 149
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
Damaged Homes (Cum.
Percent)
Average Home Size By Year
Built Categories
Average Home Size By Year Built Categories
2450
2500
2550
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Avg. Sq. Feet
Damaged Homes
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf
fatalities occurred in
mobile homes,
although only 7.6% of
U.S. housing units in
2000.
• A one standard
deviation in the
proportion of mobile
homes in housing stock
(8.3 percentage
points) increases
fatalities by 36% and
injuries by 18%.
The Mobile Home Problem
50
60
70
8090
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
F
a
t
a
l
i
t
i
e
s
Mobile Homes
0
10
20
30
40
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
F
/media/loftslag/Tornado_Impacts_-_FMI_Presentation.pdf
.. But with caution
Spatial scale
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP)
Ecological fallacy: The mistake of assuming that
where relationships are found among aggregate data,
these relationships will also be found among individuals
or households, or vice versa.
Key concepts (from ecology)
Forest cover Population
density
y = -20.1Ln(x) + 60
R2 = 0.84
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15
Population density
F
o
re
/media/loftslag/Kok_1-scenarios-lecture-1.pdf
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Lidar measurements
of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
Abstract volume
Lidar map of the ice-covered stratovolcano Öræfajökull in S-Vatnajökull, S-Iceland,
surveyed by TopScan GmbH in August 2011
Lidar measurements of the cryosphere
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
supported by the
majority of responses to one of the quantitative
questions (to which 13 out of 20 participants
responded on a five-point Likert scale—strongly
agree, agree, neither agree or disagree, disagree,
strongly disagree), where 11 respondents “agreed”
that the activities in the workshop helped them to
share their views and opinions with others, and the
other two “neither agreed nor disagreed
/media/loftslag/Moellenkampetal_etal-2010.pdf