capability, data interpretation and communication have ad-
vanced with these events. In addition, before the unrest, a variety of
new instruments were installed around the Vatnajökull ice cap by
collaborators in the research project Futurevolc.
During the period of unrest, the Department of Civil Protection and
Emergency Management met regularly with scientists to discuss the
situation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
of Iceland. Veðurstofa
Íslands Report -, s.
Oddur Sigurðsson (). Jöklabreytin-
gar –, –, – og
–. Jökull , –.
Oddur Sigurðsson (). Jöklabreytin-
gar –, –, – og
–. Jökull , –.
Oddur Sigurðsson, R. S. Williams & Skúli
Víkingsson (). Jöklakort af Íslandi: með
nafnaskrá, uppfærðum hæðarlínum og hnitum
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
magnitudes. (b) Seismic tremor amplitude in three different frequency bands. (c) Volcanic plume
height. (d) Number of lightning. Lightning and tremor amplitude roughly correlate with plume
height.
Intensifi ed human activity and a growing
population have changed the climate and the
land biosphere. One of the most widely recog-
nized human perturbations is the emission of
carbon dioxide (CO2
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
Numerical simulations
of precipitation in the complex terrain of Iceland—Comparison with glaciolog-
ical and hydrological data. Meteorol. Z., 16(1), 71–85.
Rögnvaldsson, Ó. and Ólafsson H. 2008. Dynamical downscaling of precipi-
tation – Part I: Comparison with glaciological data. Proceedings of the XXV
Nordic Hydrological Conference, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Tómasson, H. 1982. Vattenkraft i Island och dess
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
Discrete
numerical
Categorical Narrative
Constant in space and time A1 A2 A3
4Varies in time, not in space B1 B2 B3
Varies in space, not in time C1 C2 C3
It is noticed that the matrix is in reality three-dimensional
(source, type, nature). Thus, the categories type and nature
are not mutually exclusive, and it may be argued that the ma-
trix should be modified in such a way that the two uncer
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf