while accounting for rigidity of supply in transport systems
Default
effect
S0 – S1
Remaining effect after
counter measure S0 – S1*
Loss for consumer without measure:
(p1 – p0) . Q1 + (p1 – p0) .(Q1-Q0)/2
Loss for consumer after measure:
negligible
Source:
Nurmi and Perrels, 2011 (forthcoming)
G
en
er
al
is
ed
tra
ns
po
rt
co
st
/km
pr
ox
y
Traffic volume
26.8.2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 27
Example
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
approximately centred around Iceland: the outer domain with
43 42 grid points spaced at 27 km (1134 1107 km), the intermediate domain with 95 90 grid
points spaced at 9 km, and the inner domain with 196 148 grid points spaced at 3 km. The
northwest corner of the outer domain covers a part of the southeast coastal region of Greenland.
Otherwise, the only landmass included in the model domain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
14 0 1 2 3 8 12
15 0 1 2 3 8 12
16 0 1 2 4 8 12
17 0 1 2 4 8 12
18 0 1 2 4 8 12
19 0 1 2 4 8 13
20 0 1 2 4 8 13
21 0 2 3 5 9 13
22 1 2 3 5 9 13
23 1 2 3 4 9 13
MEAN 1 2 2 4 8 13
10
AE
R
OD
R
OM
E
CLIM
A
T
OLOGICA
L
SUMMA
R
Y
-
T
ABL
E
D
AE
R
OD
R
OME
:BIK
F
-
KEFL
A
VÍ
K
/K
efl
avi
k
PERIO
D
O
F
RECORD
:2001–201
0
L
A
TITUDE
:6
3
59’06"
N
LONGITUDE
:2
2
36’20"
W
ELE
V
A
TIO
N
AB
O
V
E
MSL
:5
2
/media/vedur/aerodrome_summaries_20140603.pdf