of Icelandic glaciers 1992–1997). Rep.
OS-98082 (in Icelandic), National Energy Authority, Reykjavík.
Sigurðsson, O., Thorsteinsson Th., Ágústsson S. M. and Einarsson B. 2004.
Afkoma Hofsjökuls 1997–2004. (Mass balance of Hofsjökull 1997–2004.) Rep.
OS-2004/029, National Energy Authority, Reykjavík.
Uppala, S.M., and 45 co-authors 2005. The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q. J. R. Mete-
orol. Soc., 131, 2961
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_91.pdf
performance of the
model.
REFERENCES
Førland, E. J., Allerup P., Dahlström B., Elomaa E., Jónsson T., Madsen H.,
Perälä J., Rissanen P., Vedin H. and Vejen F. 1996. Manual for operational cor-
rection of Nordic precipitation data. DNMI Report No. 24/96 Klima, 66 pp.
Benoit, R., Pellerin P., Kouwen N., Ritchie H., Donaldson N., Joe P. and Soulis
E. D. 2000. Toward the use of coupled atmospheric
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
properly even if the
sample size is increased and systematic biases may be expected.
2.2.3 Predictors
Mean sea level pressure (MSLP), geopotential height (Z), specific humidity (q) and tempera-
ture (T) at different pressure levels are considered in this study to describe the meteorological
situations at the synoptic scale and to identify weather analogues. The MSLP and geopotential
height (Z) describe
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
is on the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. With the southern
boundary at 47 N, the study domain covers Newfoundland, but excludes various marginal and
inland seas with significant independent storm activity, such as the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas, as well as the Black and Caspian Seas. The northern boundary at 80 N takes the domain
up to Fram Strait, including Svalbard, but excluding
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
farvegarins undir jöklinum út frá rúmmáli vatns
sem þar hefur safnast fyrir benda til þess að viðnám gegn vatnsrennsli við jökul-
botn minnki eftir því sem líður á hlaupið. Undir lok hlaupsins runnu á bilinu 80–
90 m3 s 1 um farveg sem var einungis einn þriðji hluti af rúmmáli farvegar sem flutti
svipað vatnsmagn á fyrsta eða öðrum degi eftir að hlaupið hófst við jökuljaðar. Þessi
niðurstaða er
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
: 3601/B2007.EEA53004 and 3601/RO/CLC/
B2007.EEA52971, Landmælingar Íslands, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Bechtold, P., Köhler, M., Jung, T., Doblas-Reyes, F., Leutbecher, M., Rodwell, M. J., Vitart, F.,
and Balsamo, G. (2008). Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF
model: from synoptic to decadal time-scales. Q. J. R. Meterol. Soc., 134:1337–1351.
Brousseau, P., Berre, L., Bouttier
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
o
t
o
-
a
g
e
n
d
a
D
e
f
i
n
e
a
n
d
i
n
v
i
t
e
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
-
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
-
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
F
r
am
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
-
t
r
p
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
(
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
)
l
e
v
e
l
s
-
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
wide and
1000 m long shelf called Þófi, terminating at 80–100 m a.s.l., see Map 4. The inclination of
the shelf is 15 on average. The surface of Þófi is covered with unconsolidated glacial till and
landslide deposits and marked with five gullies. The brook called Þófalækur near the middle of
the shelf divides it into an inner and outer part. On the outermost part of the shelf, there is a small
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf
cover. At night, the
differences between land and ocean are small. However, during the day, especially with clear
skies, as the land heats up faster than the surrounding water, the terrestrial longwave radiation
losses can exceed those over the nearby cloud-free ocean by up to 80 W m 2.
The total radiation received by the Earth’s surface is determined by factors that oppositely af-
fect the short
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
by the manufacturers.
Enercon E44 Vestas V80
Rotor diameter [m] 44 80
Hub height [m] 55 67
Rated power [kW] 900 2000
Cut-in speed [m s 1] 3 4
Rated speed [m s 1] 15 16
Cut-out speed [m s 1] 28 25
For any given turbine, there are three important characteristic wind speeds. The cut-in speed is the
lowest wind speed at which a turbine can generate usable power. The rated speed is the lowest wind
speed at which
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf