and
how future climate change within the next 20–30 years can impact these resources.
In the future, an increase in the utilization of various sources of bioenergy will increase in Nordic
countries. This raises a question what is the biomass production potential of forests now and in the
future and how sustainable the energy production based on biomass are owing to possible large-scale
harvestings
/media/ces/CES_BioFuels_Flyer_new.pdf
on the costs of
weather related delays and interruptions. Leviäkangas (2007) mentions an amount of 20 ~ 30
million euro per year. As mentioned before over time road users will start to adapt if they realize
that certain delays occur too frequently. Responses could vary from shifts in departure time to
switching to another mode or even relocation of activities.
A note on service levels
In road
/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
in streams. Potential measures to reduce
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change
Tabl
e
3
Ex
am
pl
es
o
fc
lim
at
e
ch
an
ge
ad
ap
tat
io
n
iss
ue
s
re
la
te
d
fre
sh
w
at
er
ec
o
lo
gy
an
d
qu
al
ity
in
D
en
m
ar
k.
Se
e
n
o
te
s
o
n
ad
ap
tat
io
n
m
ea
su
re
s
be
lo
w
Ta
bl
e
2
Climat
e
chang
e
impac
t
Adaptatio
n
Typ
e
o
fproble
m
Consequenc
e
Ris
k
leve
l
Dominatin
g
uncertaint
y
Optio
n
Cos
t
leve
l
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
d
W
i
n
d
p
o
w
.
M
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
for
u
s
i
n
g c
l
ima
t
e
s
c
e
nar
i
o
t
o
ad
j
u
st
s
t
o
c
h
a
s
tic
ser
i
e
sEA Analyse A/S
Optensys Energianalys
SINTEF
E
n
er
g
y
s
yste
m
Implementation in EMPS
E
M
PS
–
S
IN
T
E
F
Simulation
Documentation: assumptions, simulation results
H
y
d
ro i
n
f
l
o
w
Forecasts
Assumptions for energy system in
different cases.
St
o
c
h
as
t
i
c
/media/ces/esa_flyer_new.pdf
on the European level [e.g.
Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC),
Common Agricultural Policy, etcetera], except for the
Ukrainian part of the Tisza. However, the Ukraine shows
strong incentives to enter the EU community and thus the
EU acquis communautaire is used as key reference for the
development of its water management principles. It was
nevertheless decided to select two case-studies
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION –
POTENTIALS, MANAGEMENT AND RISKS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Ashraful Alam, Antti Kilpeläinen, Seppo Kellomäki
School of Forest Sciences,
University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
F t Cli t d R bl E I t Ri k d Ad t tiu ure Cl ma e an enewa e nergy – mpac s, s s an ap a on
Oslo, Norway
2 June, 2010
Contents
• Forestry in Finland
• Challenges
• Objectives
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf