model grid point must be taken into account. At latitude f , the grid-box
size is given by
dA = a2 cosf dldf ; (1)
where a = 6371 km is the Earth’s mean radius, and latitude and longitude are measured in
radians. For the ECMWF reanalyses, angular grid-point spacing dl = df = p=180 is constant
across the domain. The low-pressure centre count at each grid point is then multiplied by dA=dA,
with mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
Forsíðumynd: Svava Björk Þorláksdóttir mælir með öldustilli
niður á festur í Iðu í Hvítá. Ljósmynd: Njáll Fannar Reynisson.
V E Ð U R S T O F A Í S L A N D S / Á R S S K Ý R S L A 2 0 1 8
3
Viðburðaríkt ár er að baki
hjá starfsfólki Veðurstofunnar
enda felast jafnan margar og
fjöl breyttar áskoranir í vöktun
og rannsóknum á náttúru -
öflum landsins.
Loftslagsmál eru mjög á
döfinni enda stærsta
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf
vhm145 Vestari-Jökulsá D+J+L 844 751 11.3 924 1971–2014
vhm167 Austari-Jökulsá D+J 553 916 28.8 1208 1985–2014
8
vhm59
vhm64
vhm66
vhm102
vhm116
vhm162
vhm233
vhm235
vhm238
vhm144
vhm145
vhm167
Figure 1. Location of river basins.
9
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l l
0 100 200 300
50
15
0
25
0
35
0
Days since Sept. 1st
Q
(m
³/s
)
vhm59
S O N D J F M A M J
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
TS.1b, TS.2b}
Global anthropogenic GHG emissions
F-gases
CO2 from fossil fuel use and other sources
CH4 from agriculture, waste and energy
CO2 from deforestation, decay and peat
N2O from agriculture and others
GtC
O
2-eq / y
r
28.7
35.6
39.4
44.7
49.0
The largest growth in
GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004
has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while resi-
dential and commercial
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Annual
report
? Icelandic Met O?e
Bústaðavegur –
Reykjavík
Iceland
Editors:
Sigurlaug
Gunnlaugsdóttir
Sigrún Karlsdóttir
Ingvar Kristinsson
Theódór F. Hervarsson
Design and layout:
Vinnustofa
Atla Hilmarssonar
Printing:
Oddi
Cover photo:
Oddur Sigurðsson
ISSN -
The Icelandic Meteorological O?ce, IMO, is responsi -
ble for real-time monitoring and forecasting
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Fr
am
ew
o
rk
Cr
ite
ria
u
se
d
M
ain
pu
rp
o
se
o
fframewor
k
Participator
y
m
od
ell
in
g
purpos
e
Particip
ator
y
structur
e
Contro
lo
f
ow
of
in
for
m
a
tio
n
betwee
n
stakeholder
s
Timin
g
of event
s
Participatio
n
mod
e
Mo
de
l
typ
e
Participator
y
m
et
ho
ds
use
d
Actor
sinvolve
d
(at
eac
h
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
(Percent) By
Year Built Categories
Percent of Homes Damaged By Year Built
Categories
36
24
26
28
30
32
34
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Percent Damaged
All Homes – Damage Per Square
Foot
All Homes - Damage Per Square Foot
2
2.5
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
0
0.5
1
1.5
< 120 120-129 130-139 140-149 > 149
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
Pre 1980
1980-1996
1997-2002
Post 2002
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf