at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
for Iceland were made. The CE
project used an ensemble of six GCMs and RCMs from the PRUDENCE project for four different
emissions scenarios (B1, B2, A2, and A1FI) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC). The GCMs used by the CE project showed more warming during winter than
summer. During winter, the median projected warming from 1961–90 to 2070–99 ranged from
3–6 K, and from 2
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
is on the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. With the southern
boundary at 47 N, the study domain covers Newfoundland, but excludes various marginal and
inland seas with significant independent storm activity, such as the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas, as well as the Black and Caspian Seas. The northern boundary at 80 N takes the domain
up to Fram Strait, including Svalbard, but excluding
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
A 1x1 km digital elevation model derived from a 500 m DEM (Icelandic Meteorological Of-
fice, National Land Survey of Iceland, Science Institute, University of Iceland, and National
Energy Authority. 2004), a soil map from the Agricultural University of Iceland and a map of
the bedrock geology from the Icelandic Institute of Natural History (Jarðfræðikort af Íslandi -
Berggrunnur - 1:600.000 - NI
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
;
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governmen
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m
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o
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ap
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w
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er
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
on the ground along the direction of travel) low-
power laser in conjunction with single-photon sensitive detectors to measure ranges using
~532 nm (green) light. In the polar regions, the 91-day repeat orbit pattern with a roughly
monthly sub-cycle is designed to monitor seasonal and interannual variations of Greenland
and Antarctic ice sheet elevations and monthly sea ice thickness changes. Dense
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
A A SM J J O N D J F M A A SM J J O N D J F M A A SM J J O N D
J F M A A SM J J O N D J F M A A SM J J O N D J F M A A SM J J O N D
2010–39
(a) (b)
93.
0
93.
5
94.
0
94.
5
2040–69
Lake Pielinen
93.
0
93.
5
94.
0
94.
5
2070–9994.
5
95.
5
96.
5
2010–39
94.
5
95.
5
96.
5
2040–69
Lake Syväri
94.
5
95.
5
96.
5
2070–99
75.
4
75.
8
76.
2
76.
6
2010–39
75.
4
75.
8
76.
2
76.
6
2040–69
Lake Saimaa
75.
4
75
/media/ces/Water_resources_man_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
wide and
1000 m long shelf called Þófi, terminating at 80–100 m a.s.l., see Map 4. The inclination of
the shelf is 15 on average. The surface of Þófi is covered with unconsolidated glacial till and
landslide deposits and marked with five gullies. The brook called Þófalækur near the middle of
the shelf divides it into an inner and outer part. On the outermost part of the shelf, there is a small
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2016/VI_2016_006_rs.pdf