(Quante and Colijn, 2016). Work on risk analysis and adaptation is in different
stages in the countries of the world.
Coastal floods have caused problems in Iceland in the past (Jóhannsdóttir, 2017) and are likely to do
so in the future as well. Large coastal floods can be expected in Iceland every 10 - 20 years and the
probability of such events can rise with climate change (Almannavarnir, 2011
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
performance of the
model.
REFERENCES
Førland, E. J., Allerup P., Dahlström B., Elomaa E., Jónsson T., Madsen H.,
Perälä J., Rissanen P., Vedin H. and Vejen F. 1996. Manual for operational cor-
rection of Nordic precipitation data. DNMI Report No. 24/96 Klima, 66 pp.
Benoit, R., Pellerin P., Kouwen N., Ritchie H., Donaldson N., Joe P. and Soulis
E. D. 2000. Toward the use of coupled atmospheric
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
seismicity near to the eruption site in the morning of the 21st.
On the vertical section viewed from the south two velocity models are shown, the SIL-model (black lines) used for the automatic and daily manual location processes, and the improved South-Iceland model (P23, green lines) used in the relocation process. Thin lines show S-wave velocity and thick lines show P-wave velocity.
Eruption site
/about-imo/news/nr/1859
even far away from the source region.
The signal appeared on tremor graphs on all seismometers around Askja. It started with a strong pulse that subsequently decreased over the next 20-25 minutes (see figure 1, enlarge). Similar signals are sometimes seen for strong earthquakes far away from Iceland, however no strong earthquake had been detected by international networks at the same time.
Figure 1
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2921
), most of the earthquakes (80%)
occur in the upper crust down to 17 km in depth, a minority (19%) in the middle crust (17-31 km) and
only a few in the lower crust 31-45 km (1%) [1]. The seismogenic layer is less than 30 km in depth.
The layer seems to be rather uniform across Fennoscandia. We suggest that the middle to lower crustal
boundary may add compositional and rheological constraints
/media/norsem/norsem_korja.pdf
Short distance
transportation
Long distance
r
g
y
i
n
p
u
t
o
x
i
d
e
E
m
i
s
M
W
h
-
1
8
4 -
M5 (-20%)
M6 (-30%) Energy wood in
power plant
Timber in pulp
and saw mill
transportation
Chipping
s
i
o
n
s
K
g
C
O
2
(b) Norway spruce: Myrtillus type
10
l
a
r
e
a
(
m
2
h
a
-
1
)
Basal area just
before thinning
Remaining basal
Thinning threshold
Energy
wood
thinning
8
9 B a
s
a
l
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
and corrected data
-5 0 5 10 15
1
.
0
1
.
5
2
.
0
2
.
5
3
.
0
3
.
5
Temperature,°C
P
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
m
m
/
d
a
y
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May
Jun
JulAug
Sep
OctNov
Dec
Year
obs ALUKSNE
DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
mod DMI 1961-1990 ALUKSNE
JanFeb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
AugSep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Jan
Feb
ar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Nov
Dec ear
After the
correction all 3
climate models
agree with
observed data
/media/ces/Kurpniece_Liga_CES_2010.pdf