is reported by C, Sa
and Fa or C Sa Fp Fs
Stage of development (S)
Sa Sb Sc – Stage of development of thickest (Sa), second thickest (Sb) and third thickest Sc)
ice, of which the concentrations are reported by Ca, Cb, Cc respectively (see symbols in table
3.2).
Notes:
(1) If more than one class of stage of development remains after selection of Sa and Sb, Sc
should indicate the class having
/media/hafis/frodleikur/ice-chart_colour-code-standard.pdf
and Irrigation
Current climate 560 23 264 243 10 18
A2 scenario + 74 (13%) 0 + 50 (19%) 0 0 + 16 (89%)
B2 scenario + 118 (21%) +1 (4%) + 84 (32%) + 20 (8%) 0 + 9 (50%)
aWater balance values are in millimeters. Relative changes are in parentheses.
Table 4. Spatially Averaged, Mean Monthly Recharge for the
Current Climate and the A2 and B2 Scenarios for the Simulation
Without Abstractions
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
at
e
(C
limat
e
models
)
GC
M
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
RCM
s
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
Initia
lco
n
ditions
/
nat
ura
lva
riabilit
y
X
X
XX
X
D
ow
ns
ca
lin
g/
sta
tis
tic
al
co
rr
ec
tio
n
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
W
ate
r
syst
em
impact
s
(H
yd
ro
-e
co
lo
gi
ca
lm
o
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ls)
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Socio
-econo
m
ic
imp
act
s
(So
ci
o-
ec
on
om
ic
to
ol
s)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X
A
da
pt
ati
on
m
ea
su
re
s
X
X
X
X
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
tg
ui
da
n
ce
fo
rt
ra
ns
bo
un
da
ry
w
at
er
s,
pr
ep
ar
ed
an
d
P. van der Keur et al.
(floo
dmanag
ement
)an
d
wat
er
qualit
y
ag
re
ed
u
po
n
in
co
m
m
o
n
u
n
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ta
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creat
ed
th
e
bas
is
fo
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e
formul
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o
f
joi
nt
m
ea
su
re
s
(Fr
ijte
rs
an
d
Le
en
tv
aa
r
200
3)
Mo
del
s
(na
tural
,te
chnica
l
an
d
so
ci
al
sy
ste
m
s):
Uncert
aint
y
ha
s
to
be
incorp
orated
:
1:
Ep
ist
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
IN SPAIN
By
Ana Gargallo-Castel
Department of Business Administration
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
44003 TERUEL, SPAIN
Phone: 00 34 978 61 81 01. Fax 00 34 978 61 81 03
Email: gargallo@unizar.es
Luisa Esteban-Salvador
Department of Finance and Accounting
University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar, s/n
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
delay
s
o
r
problem
s
Leadershi
p
is
proactive
;anticipate
s
o
n
problem
s
2.
Leve
lo
fcohesio
n
Leadershi
p
is
abl
e
to
formulat
e
an
d
articulat
e
internall
y
consisten
tpolic
y
preference
s
Jupill
e
an
d
Caporas
o
(199
8)
3.
Leve
lo
fauthorit
y
Leadershi
p
ha
s
authorit
y
to
ac
t
externally
,i
n
particula
rth
e
lega
lcompetenc
e
in
give
n
subjec
tmatte
r
(B
)Awarenes
s
raisin
g
&
educatio
n
5
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
2015, 2025, 2035 and 2050
North (Blanda) East (Karahnjukar) South (Thorisvatn)
Change in average inflow to the main storage reservoirs
Watershed
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
i
n
f
l
o
w
[
m
3
/
s
]
0
2
0
4
0
6
0
8
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
Last 50 years
Last 20 years
Last 15 years
Last 10 years
Last 5 years
Temperature corrected
Transformation of climate measurements
•Change in temperature
• 0.75 °C/100y 1950-1975
• 1.55
/media/ces/Linnet_Ulfar_CES_2010.pdf
of Iceland. Veðurstofa
Íslands Report -, s.
Oddur Sigurðsson (). Jöklabreytin-
gar –, –, – og
–. Jökull , –.
Oddur Sigurðsson (). Jöklabreytin-
gar –, –, – og
–. Jökull , –.
Oddur Sigurðsson, R. S. Williams & Skúli
Víkingsson (). Jöklakort af Íslandi: með
nafnaskrá, uppfærðum hæðarlínum og hnitum
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
-00046).
References
Björnsson, H. (2002), Subglacial lakes and jökul-
hlaups in Iceland, Global Planet. Change, 35, 255-
271.
Bödvarsson, R., S. T. Rögnvaldsson, R. Slunga, and
E. Kjartansson (1999), The SIL data acquisition sys-
tem at present and beyond year 2000, Phys. Earth
Planet Inter., 113, 89-101.
Lacasse, C., S. Karlsdóttir, G. Larsen, H. Soosalu, W. I.
Rose, and G. J. Ernst (2004
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf