that such a system can potentially be in equilibrium. It is more
Fig. 4. Output of various Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. X-axis: number of iteration steps; Y-axis: value of selected concepts.
K. Kok / Global Environmental Change 19 (2009) 122–133128
Author's personal copy
significant that it can be maintained without any policy incentive
(C12 < 0.05 after 20 iterations). In terms of the Fuzzy Cognitive
Map, using
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
with the following equation,
h = c
t
2
where c is the speed of light (c = 2.99 x 108 m/s). In principle, CL51 is able to detect three cloud
layers simultaneously, but if the cloud base is obscured due to precipitation or ground-based
fog, vertical visibility is reported. Information about fog and precipitation can also be derived
from the return signal as they attenuate the return signal from a cloud. In its
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
scientists and managers.
Modeling should be used to synthesize
observations; it can never replace them.
Assuming climatic stationarity, hydrologists
have periodically relocated stream gages
(24) so that they could acquire more perspec-
tives on what was thought to be a fairly con-
stant picture. In a nonstationary world, conti-
nuity of observations is critical.
The world today faces the enormous, dual
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf