but the ground was mainly
covered by snow in December.
In
Akureyri, snow covered the ground completely for 103 days, 5 fewer
than on average 1971 to 2000. The snow cover was heavy in February
and March. April was completely without snow cover due to especially
warm
weather during
the month.
The
snow conditions were unusually light in November due to lack of
precipitation, but snow cover
/about-imo/news/the-weather-in-iceland-in-2019
it be mitigated?
June 2010 3
UK electricity system
Conventional
thermal
42%
CCGT
34%
Nuclear
13%
Wind
2%Hydro
5%GT/Oil
2%
Other renewables
2%Generation capacity mix
at December 2008
(total capacity is 83.5 GW)
Research on future
networks including using
climate scenarios
June 2010 4
Network capacity (ampacity)
• Electric current running through a wire
generates heat
• Ambient conditions
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
(alb: AWS)
MODELLING LONG-TERM SUMMER AND WINTER BALANCES
? The authors 2009
Journal compilation ? 2009 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography 241
ed temperatures relative to –20°C to account for de-cay of snow albedo at temperatures below the melt-ing point, following a study by Winther (1993). Wetested both approaches, and chose to use –5°C asthe minimum for the accumulated temperature
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
the danger level is classified in 5 categories according to European standards (European Avalanche Warning Services, EAWS). The forecast is made for large areas and includes both natural and human triggered avalanches. Two things are important regarding the bulletins:
It is not necessarily representative for urban areas.
It does not replace the assessment of individuals of conditions when travelling
/avalanches/forecast/help
is obvious in the figure is how differently the automatic records distribute
from the manual observations. The automatic records usually show small or large amount of
clouds whilst the manual distribution is the most dense near the middle (aside from the NA’s).
Figure 5 shows automatic records as a function of manual observations without the NA’s, con-
taining 1759 concurrent records. In 42% cases
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
(with M0 3) giving the lowest
H-statistics, among the M pre-selected ones (with M 5), were selected for the calculation of
the growth curves, qR(D;T ). The selection was conducted by eliminating one site at the time,
starting from the least similar one, back to the 4th most similar one, leaving the three most
similar ones. Table 3 presents the H-statistics obtained with and without target site
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
identification
● … others?
Both create a causal model of the management system
Causal model
Simpler representations
Why Causal Models are Great!
• Provides the investigator with an automatic structured model of what the person thinks, without extra processing
– c.f. interviews
• Provides automatically a qualitative theory of the system according to the person
1. SH individual cognitive map
/media/loftslag/Hare_1_Part2.pdf
Faxaflói0Breiðafjörður0West fjords0North West0North East0Eastern coastal area0East fjords0South East 0South0Central highlands0
Total:0
Bigger map
More avalanches are likely to have fallen without being
/avalanches/notifications/