These calculations can then
be used as the basis for flood warnings and in the design of the built environment. A newly
published Icelandic study by Massad et al. (2020) reassessed precipitation return levels in
Iceland, resulting in a new national map of 24-hour precipitation thresholds for a 5-year event,
see Figure 1, in agreement with the general precipitation pattern in Iceland, shown in Figure 2
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf
around M4 occurred, only 5
seconds apart, 6 km south of Bláfjöll mountains. Several smaller aftershocks
were recorded. The earthquakes were felt widely in the capital area, and also
in Ölfus and Akranes. The earthquakes are located on the tectonic plate
boundary that lies eastwards along the Reykjanes peninsula where earthquakes of
magnitude around M6 can occur. Largest known earthquakes
/about-imo/news/earthquakes-around-blafjoll-ski-are
the validity of the ideal gas law, hydrostatic
balance, a piecewise linear vertical gradient of air temperature, and neglecting the effects of water
vapour. Pressure, p, as a function of height can then be derived through vertical integration of the
hydrostatic balance equation, and is given by
p(h(x;y);z) = p0 exp
g
R
Z h(x;y)+z
0
dx
T (x )
; (5)
where p0 is pressure at mean sea level, T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
flooding, whereas
decreasing trends may be expected in regions where precipitation
decreases or where snow accumulation decreases (Booij, 2005;
Dankers et al., 2007). The hydrological response of a catchment
can vary substantially not only due to its location but also depend-
ing on the characteristics of the catchment and river networks
(Acreman and Sinclair, 1986; Beven et al., 1988
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
policy“, the minister said
in his speech.„But we know enough to see that we must act. Outright climate
skepticism is rare nowadays. The evidence is simply too overwhelming. We can
not be complacent. And this is where cryosphere experts need to get the message
across“, said Þórðarson.Early warning systems are keyGeneral Secretary of the World Meteorological Office, Petteri
Taalas, addressed
/about-imo/news/we-need-to-control-our-footprint-on-mother-earth
-westwards and has a larger dip than in the 7–13
km interval, where it is nearly horizontal in 1999 and strikes predominantly towards west
or northwest, while the P-axis strikes predominantly southwards with variable dip. Similar
pattern can be seen for 7–13 km in 1994 for the T-axis but not for the P-axis. The events
occurring in the 5–7-km-interval in 1999 mainly have horizontal tension axis
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
-values, average windspeed and the median for the average windspeed in m/s, km/h, and knots.
Top of page
Windspeed classification
To ease the understanding of the m/s measurement, the following table can be used.
Windspeed IN m/s
Description
<5
Very slow wind
5-10
Rather slow wind
10-20
Considerable wind, may lead to difficulties
20-30
Very windy, caution is advised
>30
/weather/articles/nr/1283
-values, average windspeed and the median for the average windspeed in m/s, km/h, and knots.
Top of page
Windspeed classification
To ease the understanding of the m/s measurement, the following table can be used.
Windspeed IN m/s
Description
<5
Very slow wind
5-10
Rather slow wind
10-20
Considerable wind, may lead to difficulties
20-30
Very windy, caution is advised
>30
/weather/articles/nr/1283/
Management of the National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police, the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, and the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration.
In the Markarfljót outwash plain, the project can be seen as a continuation of the extensive effort dedicated to the assessment of floods caused by eruptions of Katla (the volcano underlying Mýrdalsjökull) and Eyjafjallajökull performed
/hydrology/hazard-risk-assessments/glacial-outburst-floods/markarfljotsaurar-oraefajokull/
(see appendix A) (Church, Clark, et al., 2013) . Linked to rising
mean sea level, there has likely been an increase in extreme coastal high water in the late 20th
century. An increase in future sea level extremes is also expected to follow increased mean sea
level in the future (Seneviratne et al., 2012). The return period of events where a given threshold is
surpassed can decrease drastically
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf