glacier downwasting
indicated by the traditional mass balance measurements that show that the volume
of the glaciers has been reduced by more than 200 km³ in total since 1995, see
fig. 3, as described in a new scientific publication in the journalGeophysical Journal International . Since the measurements determine changes in the total mass of the
glaciers, one may say that the glaciers have
/about-imo/news/the-icelandic-glaciers-weighed-from-space
stocks. The acidification of the ocean may also adversely impact ocean food webs, with possible consequences on fisheries.
Iceland's ice caps have been melting and will continue to do so. According to scientific estimate, they will almost disappear in the next 200 years.
Many of these changes can already be seen, for instance: The tiny ice cap Ok, west of Langjökull, has changed beyond
/about-imo/news/nr/2989
the earth's surface.
At a distance of 200 km from the weather radar the laser beam does not detect signals which are under 4000 m from the earth's surface. Low clouds, for example fog clouds, close to the weather radar do not appear on the image; they lie so close to the earth's surface that they are not detected.
The utility of these images is most when monitoring precipitation from the south
/weather/articles/nr/1221
cloud.
Lightning
No eruption and no eruption cloud.
Noise
No eruption and no eruption cloud.
Meltwater
No eruption. Daily measurements of water samples from Upptyppingar on Jökulsá á Fjöllum have
shown a stable conductivity of 200 µS/cm since Sunday.
Conditions at eruption site
No eruption.
Seismic tremor
No sign of harmonic (volcanic) tremor detected.
Earthquakes
The earthquake swarm that began on 16
/media/jar/Daily_status_report_200814.pdf
observations. Radar images show continuous build-up of
a tephra crater/cone in the northern ice cauldron. The diameter of the crater is 200 m and the
height of the crater cone is 150 +- 20 m.
Seismic tremor: Intensity comparable to the last three days of eruptive activity
Earthquakes: Ml 1.7 earthquake detected ~8 km east of the eruption at 16:18 GMT
GPS deformation: Horizontal displacement towards
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-04-26_IES_IMO.pdf
the center of
Eyjafjallajökull volcano together with subsidence.
Overall assessment: A powerful explosive eruption is ongoing and theheight of the
suggests that the eruption rate is over 200 tonnes/s. Fallout of tephra
has been detected mainly to the northeast of the volcano, with recorded
fallout on the northeast coast. Some tephra dispersion towards west in
the afternoon.
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-05-18_IES_IMO.pdf
In the main crater steaming is still active.
However, intensity of the steam is considerable smaller than it was last
week. Steam rises some 200 to 400 m above crater rim. South of the
volcano winds 8-13 m/s are blowing from the east today.
Heading: N/A
Colour: N/A
Tephra fallout: Widespread drifting of existing ash in south- and southwest Iceland,
both yesterday and today.
Lightning
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-06-04_IES_IMO.pdf
not decreased. Magma flow is between 100 and
200 m3/s. The lava advances by about 1 km/day and its area yesterday afternoon was
around 16 km2.
o The eruption sites are the same as before. The eruptive intensity on the southern
fissure that opened on Friday is much less than on the northern fissure that has
been active since the beginning of the eruption.
o The lava tongue now extends 11 km
/media/jar/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-140907.pdf
3;000
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Sintef Energy Research Quantitative system analysis 9 of 21
Introduction
Electricity system model
Simulation results
Summary and concluding remarks
/media/ces/Mo_Birger_CES_2010.pdf
dimension to current mgt. as it utilises the opportunity
provided by the surrounding environment
Energy biomass production
7
What are the challenges?
EU is committed to raise the share of renewable energy to
20% by 2020
This target for Finland is 38% by 2020
The production of energy biomass to substitute fossil fuels
I 2006 21 il 3 (46 TWh) f bi d i n 200 , 21 m . m o energy
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf