is substantial since DMI is a very strong Met Institute with a
strong research- and operational culture from which we have bene-
fitted for a number of years. A joint forecasting area over Iceland
and large part of Greenland will be one of the products of the
co-operation and will improve our forecasting and warning services.
The computer will be installed in our facilities which are up to the
best/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
)
and summer balance (bs) have been carried out at
Storbreen since 1949. Here we apply a simple mass
balance model to study the climate sensitivity and
to reconstruct the mass balance series prior to 1949.
The model is calibrated and validated with data
from an automatic weather station (AWS) operating
in the ablation zone of Storbreen since 2001. Re-
gression analysis revealed that bw was best mod
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
the feature vectors differed. The fol-
lowing methods are presented:
11
- Method 1: each day, the N best analogues to current day are selected according to the shape
of the MSLP fields at 12 UTC over the domain 60–70N, 35–5W (Figure 2). The analogy
domain was chosen to be large enough to include areas with noticeable influence on the
circulation patterns. The domain size was not strictly speaking
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/VI_2013_008.pdf
the polarities available and have amplitudes within certain error
limits from the measured amplitudes, are stored as possible solutions.
If the relocated seismicity shows any distinct fault patterns, the joint interpretation of the
events defining the fault and their mechanisms can be used to determine an overall slip
direction for each fault. For each event on the fault, the mechanism best fitting
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
CNRM-CM5 gives the greatest sea ice
extent. According to Stroeve et al. (2012), HadGEM2 estimates the sea ice cover well and
here we find it to be the second best performing model.
We have now finished the selection of models and domains for the assessment of future
climate in Iceland. The domain we will use is the EURO-11, the GCMs are MPI-ESM and
HadGEM2, and the RCMs are COSMO-CLM and RCA4
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2017/VI_2017_009.pdf
-
duces comparatively unbiased precipitation estimates when integrated over the
Figure 7: Measured and simulated (WaSiM /MM5) mean discharge [m3s−1] at the watershed
gauges. Dashed line indicates a perfect fit, solid line represents the linear best fit between the
measured and simulated discharge.
whole of Iceland.
Table 1 compares observed and modelled discharge from six watersheds that
are not much
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
........................................................ 19
2.3.2 Changing the maximum number of events in a group ................................. 20
2.3.3 Rearrange order of input .............................................................................. 22
2.3.4 Relocate only the best events ....................................................................... 22
2.3.5 Other tests
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parameters used in jökulhlaup simulation. . . . . . . . . . . 63
7.2 Fitted parameters for best fit in jökulhlaup simulation. . . . . . . . . . 64
xiii
xiv
Chapter 1
Introduction
Jökulhlaups from subglacial lakes are an important part of the hydrology of Iceland.
They are most often caused by an interaction between glaciers and geothermal/volcanic
activity and jökulhlaups are the most frequent hazard
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for the participatory
process. They also considered that he would make
a decision in the best interest of the estuary and the
local government, after having assessed the likely
impacts of different courses of action outlined in the
discussion.
Impacts of the negotiation episode
This negotiation episode resulted in a number of
impacts apparent from evaluation data, both at the
level of the co-engineering process
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