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a near-zero pre-industrial background concentration,
primarily due to human activities. {WGI 2.3, SPM; SROC SPM}
There is very high confidence that the global average net
effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warm-
ing, with a radiative forcing of +1.6 [+0.6 to +2.4] W/m2
(Figure 2.4). {WGI 2.3, 6.5, 2.9, SPM}
The combined radiative forcing due to increases in CO2, CH4
and N2O
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
operational cost, etc.) and the annual
revenues
• consider an appropriate discount rate and assess NPV (net present
value), IRR (internal rate of return), and net cash flows
• rank alternatives by score level
• SCBA: social CBA – total benefits -/- total costs for society, in this
case benefits and costs often don’t accrue (entirely) to the same
organisation due to the public nature of a project
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
1998] and RCM output such
as incoming and outgoing, short- and long-wave radiation,
temperature, water vapor pressure, and wind speed:
ETref ¼
0:408D Rn Gð Þ þ g 900T þ 273 u2 es eað Þ
Dþ g 1þ 0:34u2ð Þ ð3Þ
where ETref is reference evapotranspiration (mm d1), Rn is
net radiation at the crop surface (MJ m2 d1), G is soil heat
flux density (MJ m2 d1), T is mean daily air temperature
at 2 m
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
........................................................................................... 56
James-Smith, E.
Using the CES risk assessment framework in the distribution sector ................................................................... 58
Keränen, J., Kilpeläinen, A., Gode, J., Molarius, R., Schabel, J. and James-Smith, E.
Case study – Using the CES risk assessment framework in the biomass and wind power sectors ....................... 60
POSTERS
/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
(DGPS) equipment
in 2001. Continuous profiles, approximately 1 km apart,
were measured in the accumulation zone and a dense net-
work of point measurements were carried out in the abla-
tion zone. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the surface
and bedrock were created from these data (Fig. 2; Björns-
son and Pálsson, 2004). The estimated errors are at most
1–5 m (bias less than 1 m) for the surface
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
colour-code for the Askja volcano remains at ‘yellow'.
29 August 2014 11:58 - The new eruption in Holuhraun
Below are two images of the new lava in Holuhraun, ca 5 km north of Dyngjujökull. The images were taken from TF-SIF, the aeroplane of the Icelandic Coast Guard. Later, flowmodels were made.
The new lava and steam
The new lava that came up in the eruption in the first hours
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000
From the Icelandic Met Office:
At 10:00 UTC, IMO changed the Aviation Colour Code for Bárðarbunga to ‘orange',
signifying that significant emission of ash into the atmosphere is unlikely. The aviation
colour-code for the Askja volcano remains at ‘yellow'.
29 August 2014 11:58 - The new eruption in Holuhraun
Below are two images of the new lava in Holuhraun, ca 5 km north of Dyngjujökull
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_August-events.pdf
colour-code for the Askja volcano remains at ‘yellow'.
29 August 2014 11:58 - The new eruption in Holuhraun
Below are two images of the new lava in Holuhraun, ca 5 km north of Dyngjujökull. The images were taken from TF-SIF, the aeroplane of the Icelandic Coast Guard. Later, flowmodels were made.
The new lava and steam
The new lava that came up in the eruption in the first hours
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000/
); new long-term investment strategy prioritizing low- or zero-net carbon forms of
mobility
2040 Modal shift in logistics chains, especially within heavy industry.
3.3 Backcasting scenario narrative
Low-Impact Mobility Project Evaluation (LIMPE)
Climate change is occurring. Is it natural or anthropogenic? It doesn’t matter. Even
though the future is inherently uncertain, one certainty
/media/loftslag/Group4.pdf
an estimate of uncertainties. Further details can be found in Poli et al. (2016).
Data from the ten realizations were retrieved for temperature, total precipitation and snow-
fraction for a box around Iceland, extending between latitudes 58 to 72°N and longitudes -5 to
-30°W. Data were available from the ECMWF archive at hourly resolution, but for this
project, only monthly summed variables were
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2022/VI_2022_006_extreme.pdf