of radiation are
added to a classic degree-day model. For infiltration, a methodology of Peschke, based on
the approach of Green and Ampt, was used. To calculate the fluxes within the unsaturated
soil zone, the Richards equation was used. The groundwater table was modelled in both the
unsaturated zone module and the groundwater module. The coupling between both modules
was done by a net/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
in 1991. The blue dashed line shows the number of all measured earthquakes
but the red line shows the number of earthquakes above 1.5 in magnitude.
During these years, the measuring net has improved and become more sensitive. That is the
reason for showing the larger earthquakes separately.
18 August 2014 20:45 - An overview of the first three days
Since the onset of the earthquake swarm
/media/jar/Bardarbunga-2014_August-events.pdf
line shows the number of all measured earthquakes but the red line shows the number of earthquakes above 1.5 in magnitude.
During these years, the measuring net has improved and become more sensitive. That is the reason for showing the larger earthquakes separately.
18 August 2014 20:45 - An overview of the first three days
Since the onset of the earthquake swarm at Bárðarbunga on Saturday
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000/
at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
grundvelli myndatöku með
flygildum og leysimælitæki (TLS) hefur verið notað við kortlagningu
flóðfara og við mat á útbreiðslu og umfangi hlaupa.
Þétt net jarðskjálftamæla, sem staðsettir eru á jökulskerjum eða
grafnir í jökul, hefur gefið góða raun við ákvörðun á dýpi jarðskjálfta
undir jöklum. Kvikuhreyfingar hafa þannig verið kortlagðar og
myndun gosrása staðfest af meiri nákvæmni en áður. Þó
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf
of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
and our intention is to run these models dur-
ing times of hazardous events and even on a daily
basis to further improve monitoring.
Avalanche monitoring has progressed. The em-
phasis is now on improving our services, especially
to the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
with regard to transport. The reason is that com-
munity structure has changed considerably in recent
years and the need
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
level in Skeidará waned. The last sign of a
crater explosion was seen at GRF early on 6
November, leaving only a weak tremor signal
from the remnants of the jökulhlaup. The
jökulhlaup fi nally ended in early December,
after ~0.8 km3 of water had drained from the
Grímsvötn lake (J. Hardardóttir, personal com-
munication, 2005).
Location and Volume Constraints
Earthquake locations at Grímsvötn
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf