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, Veðurstofu Íslands
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 7
2 Model setup and data ................................................................................... 7
3 Model terrain and surface type ...................................................................... 9
4 Impact of initial conditions in blending
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
networks for
t
i Christiansen Barlebo
r Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
form 3 May 2007; accepted 11 May 2007
29 June 2007
www.elsevier.com/locate/jenvman
Mak
manage
ARTICLE IN PRESS
brought together to find a solution that is adequate from
multiple perspectives. This, not only requires coping with
various sources and types of uncertainty, but also with the
ambiguity produced
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
the principalmethods have not changed much over the years, theamount of field work has varied. In the first 15 yearsthe monitoring programme at Storbreen was com-prehensive, often three or more snow density pits
were dug, snow depth was measured at about 600points and ablation was measured on 30 stakes
evenly distri uted on the glacier (Liestøl 1967).Based on experience of the snow pattern, the ob-
servations
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
part of Upper Tisza. Based on data from EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database 2008
1 For a disaster to be entered into the Emergency Events Database
(EM-DAT) at least one of the following criteria must be fulfilled: (1)
Ten or more people reported killed; (2) Hundred people reported
affected; (3) Declaration of a state of emergency; (4) Call for
international assistance (From: EM
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
to theoretical framework. I do also want to thank him for an
enjoyable time during this work, both in the office and in the field.
This work was carried out as a part of the Skaftá cauldrons research project which
was funded and supported by the Icelandic Centre For Research (RANNÍS), Kvískerja-
sjóður, the NASA Astrobiology Institute, Landsvirkjun (the National Power Com-
pany), the National Energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
..................................................................................... 7
2.3 Meteorological data ................................................................................ 8
2.4 Other data ............................................................................................ 8
3 Index flood method ...................................................................................... 11
3.1 General
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