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a near-zero pre-industrial background concentration,
primarily due to human activities. {WGI 2.3, SPM; SROC SPM}
There is very high confidence that the global average net
effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warm-
ing, with a radiative forcing of +1.6 [+0.6 to +2.4] W/m2
(Figure 2.4). {WGI 2.3, 6.5, 2.9, SPM}
The combined radiative forcing due to increases in CO2, CH4
and N2O
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
of Eyjafjallajo¨kul), Hveravellir (Hv; 641 m a.s.l., ca. 100 km north of Tindfjallajo¨kull
and Torfajo¨kull) and Ho´lar (Ho) in Hornafjo¨rdur (18 m a.s.l.). The plot shows the elevation distribution of the Eyjafjallajo¨kull, Tindfjallajo¨kull and
Torfajo¨kull ice caps as area (km2) per 10 m elevation interval.
Mass balance of three ice caps in southern Iceland S. Gudmundsson et al.
2
(page number
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
....................................... 16
CLIMATE PROJECTIONS
Kjellström, E., Drews, M., Christensen, J.H., Haugen, J.E., Haakenstad, H. and Shkolnik, I.
An ensemble of regional climate change scenarios for the Nordic countries........................................................ 18
Benestad, R.E.
An analysis of simulated and observed storm characteristics
/media/ces/ces-oslo2010_proceedings.pdf
of the cryosphere
Reykholt, Iceland, June 20–21, 2013
4
Sessions
Thursday, June 20
09:00‒09:10 ‒ Welcome
09:10‒10:30 ‒ Lidar measurements for glacier inventories and mass balance monitoring
11:00‒12:30 ‒ Process studies - I
13:30‒15:00 ‒ Process studies - II
15:30‒17:30 ‒ Lidar measurements from space, incl. video discussion with input from
NASA/USA
18:30‒20:00 ‒ Workshop dinner
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
(DGPS) equipment
in 2001. Continuous profiles, approximately 1 km apart,
were measured in the accumulation zone and a dense net-
work of point measurements were carried out in the abla-
tion zone. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the surface
and bedrock were created from these data (Fig. 2; Björns-
son and Pálsson, 2004). The estimated errors are at most
1–5 m (bias less than 1 m) for the surface
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
NONAM PhD course – Adaptive management in relation to climate change – Copenhagen 21-26/8/2011
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
Outline for the case Road maintenance in a changing climate
Introduction
Roads and transport systems are vulnerable to climate change impacts (VTT 2011; Koetse and
Rietveld, 2009; Regmi & Hanaoka, 2011; Road ERA-net 2009 & 2010
/media/loftslag/Outline_for_the_case_Road_maintenance_in_a_changing_climate.pdf
fiord area. Adaptive challenges due to changes in regional groundwater level
An increase in sea level will cause more frequent flooding in the town due to its low lying position by
the fjord. In 2006, the local town hall was flooded when sea level rose to 1.76 m above normal.
Simultaneously, increased net precipitation and increased rainfall intensity put pressure on the sewage
system
/media/loftslag/Horsens_case.pdf
); new long-term investment strategy prioritizing low- or zero-net carbon forms of
mobility
2040 Modal shift in logistics chains, especially within heavy industry.
3.3 Backcasting scenario narrative
Low-Impact Mobility Project Evaluation (LIMPE)
Climate change is occurring. Is it natural or anthropogenic? It doesn’t matter. Even
though the future is inherently uncertain, one certainty
/media/loftslag/Group4.pdf
line shows the number of all measured earthquakes but the red line shows the number of earthquakes above 1.5 in magnitude.
During these years, the measuring net has improved and become more sensitive. That is the reason for showing the larger earthquakes separately.
18 August 2014 20:45 - An overview of the first three days
Since the onset of the earthquake swarm at Bárðarbunga on Saturday
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/3000