needed.
square4 Different renewable energy sources are in different state of technological
maturity (Best deployment potential have hydro, biomass and wind,
breakthrough of solar is coming. Geothermal and ocean energy are in
developmental state.)
square4 Integration of renewable energy in existing and future energy systems is a
central challenge.
square4 In the assessment of changes, several
/media/ces/Savolainen_Ilkka_CES_2010.pdf
)
Annual
Winter
Summer
• Accounts for natural
variability and differences
between climate models
Width of the distribution primarily determined by
natural temperature variability: larger in winter than in summer.
Winter Summer Annual
Best estimate (ºC) 1.3 0.7 1.0
5-95% uncertainty range (ºC) -0.5…+3.1 -0.2…+1.6 0.0…+1.8
Probability of warming (%) 90% 90% 96%
Ref: Räisänen and Ruokolainen (2007
/media/loftslag/Case_B___Road_transport_operation_and_infrastructure_planning.pdf
)
Best case (1.5 C increase; 2%
increase in prec)
BAU A B
Change +30 % C D
Scenario
combination
Impact
Adaptation measures
North South North South
A *
CC: Possible increase in the
amount of snow more
snow clearing increase in
operational costs
S-E: increase in traffic
volume increased wear of
roads increase in
maintenance cost.
**
CC: Possibly less snow,
more rain
/media/loftslag/Group3-The-future-of-the-Finnish-national-road-network.pdf
of target sites.
Each statistics was ranked from best (1) to worst (24) and the average rank calculated.
Reference and estimated flood quantiles were compared at each target site, for average recur-
rence intervals T of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 years. The quality of the estimation was evaluated by cal-
culating the relative root mean squared error of the quantile estimates for each site, and then the
average over
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
a common understanding of the possible
future developments, the risk assessment framework is best
carried out in brainstorming-based sessions
square4 risks/ opportunities are examined mainly from two perspectives:
square4 how risks/ opportunities are connected to the power plants'
functions
square4 how they occur seasonally
702/07/2010
Tools for data collection – Seasonal plan
square4
/media/ces/Keranen_Jaana_CES_2010.pdf
to
improve the quality of our services to society and enable us to forecast
extreme weather events and changes in their occurrences.Ultimately, it is a challenge for society to make the best of that
information in terms of adaptation to the risks.Árni Snorrason, Director
General, Icelandic Meteorological officeJuhani Damski, Director
General, Finnish Meteorological InstituteKristaps
/about-imo/news/cooperation-is-a-must-for-adaptation-to-and-mitigation-of-climate-change
the safety
of the local population.Outlines of the December landslides in Seyðisfjörður, eastern
Iceland.Risk
assessment to be reviewed and safety to be improvedLandslide
hazards originate from different heights on the slopes above the southern part
of Seyðisfjörður. The best known hazardous areas are under Strandartindur,
where landslides have previously caused damage
to settlements on the coast
/about-imo/news/the-landslide-in-seydisfjordur-is-the-largest-landslide-to-have-damaged-an-urban-area-in-iceland
the safety
of the local population.Outlines of the December landslides in Seyðisfjörður, eastern
Iceland.Risk
assessment to be reviewed and safety to be improvedLandslide
hazards originate from different heights on the slopes above the southern part
of Seyðisfjörður. The best known hazardous areas are under Strandartindur,
where landslides have previously caused damage
to settlements on the coast
/about-imo/news/the-landslide-in-seydisfjordur-is-the-largest-landslide-to-have-damaged-an-urban-area-in-iceland/
Acceptability of policy
Louise Eriksson
Department of Social and Economic Geography
Umeå University
Overview
1. Definitions
2. Acceptability of policy
3. Behavioural responses to policy
4. Responses to policy – concluding comments
2
(1) Climate change – a social
dilemma
• Choice between self-interest (defection) and the collective’s
best interest (cooperation)
• Conflict between the individual
/media/loftslag/Eriksson_2-Acceptability-of-policy.pdf
probability
Vulnerability
Value (material,
people)
Injuries
Resiliency
Risk assessment
Risk = function (hazard, vulnerability, value)
Protection goals / Risk acceptance
Unacceptable risk Acceptable risk
Voluntary adaption/mitigation
Commercial/individual insurance
isdr has
defined response
and risk management
in some detail
Planning measures
Minimization of risk through best possible
Management
/media/loftslag/Karlsdottir-Risk_analysis_IMO_SK.pdf