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grundvelli myndatöku með
flygildum og leysimælitæki (TLS) hefur verið notað við kortlagningu
flóðfara og við mat á útbreiðslu og umfangi hlaupa.
Þétt net jarðskjálftamæla, sem staðsettir eru á jökulskerjum eða
grafnir í jökul, hefur gefið góða raun við ákvörðun á dýpi jarðskjálfta
undir jöklum. Kvikuhreyfingar hafa þannig verið kortlagðar og
myndun gosrása staðfest af meiri nákvæmni en áður. Þó
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VI_Arsskyrsla_2018_vef.pdf
precipitation and time of year (an index for
available net radiation) (Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997). This
equation has been calibrated and verified against observations of
Class A pan evaporation values (Vehviläinen and Huttunen,
1997). The actual evaporation is calculated from potential evapora-
tion and the soil moisture deficit. The changes in temperature and
precipitation affect
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
coastal areas(ag)
Location65°31.412', 13°49.004' (65.5235, 13.8167)
Height above sea-level28.0 m a.s.l.
Beginning of weather observations2017
Station owned byVeðurstofa Íslands - Ofanflóð
View the observations on a mapStation list
/weather/stations/
tg
ui
da
n
ce
fo
rt
ra
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bo
un
da
ry
w
at
er
s,
pr
ep
ar
ed
an
d
P. van der Keur et al.
(floo
dmanag
ement
)an
d
wat
er
qualit
y
ag
re
ed
u
po
n
in
co
m
m
o
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u
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de
rs
ta
nd
in
g,
creat
ed
th
e
bas
is
fo
rth
e
formul
atio
n
o
f
joi
nt
m
ea
su
re
s
(Fr
ijte
rs
an
d
Le
en
tv
aa
r
200
3)
Mo
del
s
(na
tural
,te
chnica
l
an
d
so
ci
al
sy
ste
m
s):
Uncert
aint
y
ha
s
to
be
incorp
orated
:
1:
Ep
ist
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf
stage
)Suppor
t
an
d
ski
lls
n
ee
de
d
Har
e
et
a
l.
(2003
)
X
X
An
aly
se
lin
ks
be
tw
ee
n
participator
y
structur
e
an
d
proces
s
implementatio
n
Ba
rr
et
ea
u
et
a
l.
(2010
)
X
X
X
Pr
o
vid
e
cle
ar
de
sc
rip
tio
n
o
fproces
s
(m
an
ag
e
ex
pe
ct
at
io
n
s);
monitorin
g
an
d
evaluatio
n
Bot
s
an
d
va
n
Daale
n
(2008
)
X
X
X
X
X
Su
pp
o
rt
pr
o
ce
ss
de
sig
n
Ad
ap
te
d
fra
m
ew
o
rk
u
se
d
in
th
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
Delta Change Method
(correction of observed precipitation)
Transformation of precipitation
cont
fut
obsfut M
M
PP =
Observeret n dbør
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1-12-99 11-12-99 21-12-99 31-12-99
Dato
N
ed
bø
r
(m
m
/d
ag
)
Observeret
Skal ring af e
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
4
- - - -
t
N
ed
bø
r
(m
m
/d
ag
)
Observeret D lta Change
Critical assumption:
Future dynamics = present dynamics
No change in number
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_2-uncertainty.pdf
sr
el
at
ed
to
ag
ric
ul
tu
re
in
D
en
m
ar
k
Cl
im
at
e
ch
an
ge
im
pa
ct
Adaptatio
n
Typ
e
o
f
proble
m
Conse
quenc
e
Ris
k
leve
l
Dom
inatin
g
uncertaint
y
Optio
n
Cos
t
leve
l
Inten
t
Actio
n
Tempora
l
scop
e
Spatia
l
scop
e
Additiona
luncertaint
y
Sou
rc
e
Natur
e
Sourc
e
Natur
e
In
cr
ea
se
d
su
m
m
er
drought
san
d
highe
r
w
at
er
re
qu
ire
m
en
ts
caus
e
by
longe
rcro
p
growt
h
durat
io
n
/media/loftslag/2012-Refsgaard_etal-uncertainty_climate-change-adaptation-MITI343.pdf
meðallagi á árinu. Mikið norðanóveður gekk yfir landið dagana 10. til 11. desember sem
olli miklu tjóni. Verst var veðrið á Ströndum, Norðurlandi vestra og Norðurlandi eystra. Mikil ísing og fannfergi fylgdu
óveðrinu sem olli því að hundrað hross fennti í kaf, skemmdir urðu á rafmagnslínum með tilheyrandi rafmagnstruflun-
um og mikil röskun varð á samgöngum.
NÁTTÚRUFAR
Hl
ut
fal
l m
eð
all
ag
s
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_arsskyrsla2020.pdf
the average of the (wind speed) distribu-
tion is given by
m = AG(1+1=k) ; (2)
with gamma function, G, defined as usual. Wind power density, a measure of the energy flux
through an area perpendicular to the direction of motion, varies not only with the cube of wind
15
Figure 2. Annual modelled distributions (dashed lines) and corresponding Weibull fits
(solid lines) of wind speed at 50 mAGL, for two
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf