improving
management policies and practices by learning from the
outcomes of implemented management strategies. Partici-
patory integrated assessment is here a form of problem
structuring for identification of gaps, ambiguity and
multiple frames, confrontation, and integration of the
most divergent views with respect to a given problem
situation.
Additional methods and tools that AM require com/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
the principalmethods have not changed much over the years, theamount of field work has varied. In the first 15 yearsthe monitoring programme at Storbreen was com-prehensive, often three or more snow density pits
were dug, snow depth was measured at about 600points and ablation was measured on 30 stakes
evenly distri uted on the glacier (Liestøl 1967).Based on experience of the snow pattern, the ob-
servations
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
(-33%) during 1970 to 2004 has been smaller than the com-
bined effect of global income growth (77%) and global population
growth (69%); both drivers of increasing energy-related CO2 emis-
sions. The long-term trend of declining CO2 emissions per unit of en-
ergy supplied reversed after 2000. {WGIII 1.3, Figure SPM.2, SPM}
Differences in per capita income, per capita emissions and
energy
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
by
rescaling a dimensionless regional flood frequency distribution or growth curve, qR(D;T ), com-
mon to all sites of the homogeneous region, with the so-called index flood, µi(D), of the target
site:
bQi(D;T ) = µi(D)qR(D;T ); (1)
where bQi(D;T ) is the estimated flood quantile, i.e. the T -year flood peak discharge averaged
over duration D, at site i. The regional growth curve, qR(D;T
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
support
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
to be simple and therefore has important drawbacks.
Future improvements should be made in the light of applications within a larger toolbox of scenario
methods.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
* Tel.: +31 317 482422; fax: +31 317 419000.
E-mail address: kasper.kok@wur.nl.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Global Environmental Change
journa l homepage: www.e lsev ier .com/ locate
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf