of climate change on the routine and periodic maintenance of roads. Helsinki
2009. Finnish Road Administration, Central Administration. Finnra reports 8/2009, 66 p. +
app. 8 p. ISSN 1459-1553, ISBN 978-952-221-172-9, TIEH 3201122-v. (in Finnish, abstract in English)
[5] Salanne, i., Byring, B., Valli, R., Tikkanen, R., Peltonen, P., Haapala, J., Jylhä, K., Tolonen-Kivimäki, O.,
and Tuomenvirta, H
/media/loftslag/CASE_B__Heikki_Tuomenvirta_(FMI)_Introduction.pdf
1998] and RCM output such
as incoming and outgoing, short- and long-wave radiation,
temperature, water vapor pressure, and wind speed:
ETref ¼
0:408D Rn Gð Þ þ g 900T þ 273 u2 es eað Þ
Dþ g 1þ 0:34u2ð Þ ð3Þ
where ETref is reference evapotranspiration (mm d1), Rn is
net radiation at the crop surface (MJ m2 d1), G is soil heat
flux density (MJ m2 d1), T is mean daily air temperature
at 2 m
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
....................................................................................... 10
3 September 2012 .................................................................................. 12
3 Radiation fluxes at the surface ....................................................................... 16
4 Heat fluxes at the surface .............................................................................. 21
5 Net energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
(DGPS) equipment
in 2001. Continuous profiles, approximately 1 km apart,
were measured in the accumulation zone and a dense net-
work of point measurements were carried out in the abla-
tion zone. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the surface
and bedrock were created from these data (Fig. 2; Björns-
son and Pálsson, 2004). The estimated errors are at most
1–5 m (bias less than 1 m) for the surface
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
precipitation and time of year (an index for
available net radiation) (Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997). This
equation has been calibrated and verified against observations of
Class A pan evaporation values (Vehviläinen and Huttunen,
1997). The actual evaporation is calculated from potential evapora-
tion and the soil moisture deficit. The changes in temperature and
precipitation affect
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
of how climate change will
impact our countries” says Árni.A sustainable solution Powered entirely by Icelandic hydropower and geothermal energy sources
and taking advantage of the local tempered climate for keeping the
supercomputer components cool, the running costs and CO2 footprint
will be kept to a minimum, saving tonnes of CO2 in line with the
four nations' efforts towards reaching Net/about-imo/news/joining-forces-in-weather-forecasting-and-climate-research
as river discharge and
water levels. Notices on avalanches and sea-ice
are shown; short articles and news are presented.
Furthermore, web and data portals can be accessed
through the web, which is available in both Icelandic
and English. IMO uses the social networking website
Facebook for communication and feed-back. A new
web-application (App) provides access to forecasts
and warnings
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
recorded at 5-13 km depth, but fewer than
yesterday.
GPS deformation: Measurements from around Eyjafjallajökull indicate no major net
discplaceaments, suggesting a stabilization of the surface deformation
since yesterday.
Other remarks: Grainsize analysis of samples taken of ash that fell on May 3rd at 64
km distance from the eruption site shows that about 5 % of the ash is
smaller
/media/jar/Eyjafjallajokull_status_2010-05-07_IES_IMO.pdf