Reykjavı´k IS-101, Iceland
2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite´ de Toulouse, Laboratoire d’Etudes en Ge´ophysique et Oce´anographie Spatiale, Universite´ de
Toulouse, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse FR-31400, France
3 National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
Keywords
Remote sensing; glacier mass balance;
regional warming
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....................................................................................... 10
3 September 2012 .................................................................................. 12
3 Radiation fluxes at the surface ....................................................................... 16
4 Heat fluxes at the surface .............................................................................. 21
5 Net energy
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such as
irrigation, CO2 effects on transpiration, and land use changes affect the water balance to a
lesser extent.
Citation: van Roosmalen, L., T. O. Sonnenborg, and K. H. Jensen (2009), Impact of climate and land use change on the hydrology of
a large-scale agricultural catchment, Water Resour. Res., 45, W00A15, doi:10.1029/2007WR006760.
1. Introduction
[2] The most recent Intergovernmental Panel
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
(DGPS) equipment
in 2001. Continuous profiles, approximately 1 km apart,
were measured in the accumulation zone and a dense net-
work of point measurements were carried out in the abla-
tion zone. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the surface
and bedrock were created from these data (Fig. 2; Björns-
son and Pálsson, 2004). The estimated errors are at most
1–5 m (bias less than 1 m) for the surface
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24 July 2010
This manuscript was handled by K.
Georgakakos, Editor-in-Chief, with the
assistance of Ercan Kahya, Associate Editor
Keywords:
Climate change
Flood
Hydrological modelling
Flood inundation area
Hydraulic modelling
Finland
s u m m a r y
This paper provides a general overview of changes in flooding caused by climate change in Finland for the
periods 2010–2039 and 2070–2099. Changes
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
A reduction in the glaciated area at the
lowest altitudes is specified as
DSa1 = kDSa ; (10)
where k is an adjustable parameter, 0 < k < 1. This reduction is carried out by eliminating
the ice-cover sequentially, starting with the lowest elevation band or grid cell of the group and
continuing upward until the total eliminated ice-covered area is equal to DS1. Some ice may
remain in the uppermost
/media/ces/ces-glacier-scaling-memo2009-01.pdf
)
is shown. At the margin the grid boxes of the RCAO RCM are
visible. The area between Illulisat and Swiss camp is commonly
called Paakitsôq.
respectively. The Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) Swiss Camp and Crawford are located
on the ice sheet and are operated by the Greenland Climate Network (GC-net) (Steffen and
Box, 2001). The locations of the stations are indicated in Fig. 1, further details
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downscaling
results previously obtained by Kaas (1993, 1994), as well as results from four different climate
models (with the GFDL CM3 as the primary reference). The study found a warming of 0.3 K
per decade until the middle of the 21st Century, with a wintertime warming rate of 0.35 K per
decade, and a warming rate of 0.25 K per decade in summer. The study also examined precipitation
changes and found
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operational cost, etc.) and the annual
revenues
• consider an appropriate discount rate and assess NPV (net present
value), IRR (internal rate of return), and net cash flows
• rank alternatives by score level
• SCBA: social CBA – total benefits -/- total costs for society, in this
case benefits and costs often don’t accrue (entirely) to the same
organisation due to the public nature of a project
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf