; fax: +358 20 490 2590.
E-mail address: Noora.Veijalainen@ymparisto.fi (N. Veijalainen).
Journal of Hydrology 391 (2010) 333–350
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Hydrology
journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / jhydrol
Author's personal copy
narios from GCMs or RCMs, and with different emission scenarios
(e.g. Menzel et al., 2006; Minville et al., 2008; Prudhomme and Da
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
for the three
days considered here, are listed in Table 1. Changes in orbital parameters are mainly significant
between the last and the previous two cases, with a drop in noontime solar intensity, defined as
the sine of the sun altitude angle, by 14–17%. This difference needs to be taken into account
when comparing shortwave radiation fluxes between the different cases.
The diurnal cycles of net/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
Assessment Re-
port (AR4).
Topic 1 summarises observed changes in climate and their ef-
fects on natural and human systems, regardless of their causes, while
Topic 2 assesses the causes of the observed changes. Topic 3 pre-
sents projections of future climate change and related impacts un-
der different scenarios.
Topic 4 discusses adaptation and mitigation options over the
next few decades
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
in Iceland:
Snjóflóð á varnargarðinn við sorpbrennsluna Funa í Engidal við Skutulsfjörð þann 14. janúar 2004 (IMO Memo TóJ-2004-02, author T. Jóhannesson) (pdf 0.3 Mb)
Run-up of two avalanches on the deflecting dams at Flateyri, northwestern Iceland. (Annals of Glaciology, 32, 350−354, 2001, author T. Jóhannesson) [abstract] (html)
Snjóflóðið á Flateyri 21. febrúar 1999 og áhrif varnargarða
/avalanches/imo/dams/
in southern Norway (Fig.1). The glacier has a total area of 5.4 km2 and rangesin altitude from 1390 to 2090 m a.s.l. The glacierhas been mapped repeatedly, the most recent mapis from 1997. Areas calculated from the 1951 and1997 maps reveal an area reduction of about 0.4km2 in this period (Andreassen 1999). Lengthchange observations reveal a net retreat of about 60
m from 1997 to 2006 (data: NVE; e.g
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
1998] and RCM output such
as incoming and outgoing, short- and long-wave radiation,
temperature, water vapor pressure, and wind speed:
ETref ¼
0:408D Rn Gð Þ þ g 900T þ 273 u2 es eað Þ
Dþ g 1þ 0:34u2ð Þ ð3Þ
where ETref is reference evapotranspiration (mm d1), Rn is
net radiation at the crop surface (MJ m2 d1), G is soil heat
flux density (MJ m2 d1), T is mean daily air temperature
at 2 m
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf