temperature of the warmest month
is only
11 ◦C and the mean annual temperature is about 5 ◦C
(Einarsson, 1984). At present about
11 % of the country is
covered by glaciers (Björnsson and Pálsson, 2008). The Ice-
landic ice caps are temperate, characterized by high annual
mass turnover (1.5–3.0 m water equivalent (w.e.)) and are
highly dynamic. They are sensitive to climate variations and
have responded
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf