Simulation results
Hydropower
Thermal production
Energy balance
CO2-emissions
4 Summary and concluding remarks
Sintef Energy Research Quantitative system analysis 8 of 21
Introduction
Electricity system model
Simulation results
Summary and concluding remarks
Hydropower
Thermal production
Energy balance
CO2-emissions
Annual average in ow over the year, GWh
0 14 28 42 52
0
500
1;000
1;500
2;000
2;500
/media/ces/Mo_Birger_CES_2010.pdf
Figure 8. Stations ranked according to their average CC for the 20 highest rainfall daily events.
................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 9. Ranked values of the 50 highest 24-hour accumulated precipitation events plotted
against ranked values of the 50 highest daily precipitation
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
period in the last 500 years and likely the highest in at least
the past 1300 years. {WGI 6.6, SPM}
2 Likelihood and confidence statements in italics represent calibrated expressions of uncertainty and confidence. See Box ‘Treatment of uncertainty’ in the
Introduction for an explanation of these terms.
3 Excluding tsunamis, which are not due to climate change. Extreme high sea level depends
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
are aligned above the eastern rim of the Katla caldera, which lurks underneath the ice-cap. In the center of the caldera, the ice is over 500 m thick. Melt water from the surface of the glacier has collected in the bowl, giving the blue colour, but that is irrelevant to the activity discussed in this article
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/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
-90 (Amps)
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480
490
500
510
520
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550
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Rating at 90% for 2050s period (Amps)
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June 2010 14
Time series
• Using the UKCP09 ‘weather generator’ to determine
temperature and solar radiation for control period and
future scenario: 2050s, medium emissions
0
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450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
www.millenniumproject.net
Climate proxy data
- far less accurate than meteorological
observations
- decreasing data network back in time
- less information about paleohydrology
than paleotemperature
IPCC 2007, Fig. 6.11
Northern Hemisphere mean
temperature last 1500 years
Mann et al. Science 2009, 326, p.1257, Figs. 1-2
Stockholm winter/spring temperatures
last 500 years
Data: Leijonhufvud et al. Climatic
/media/ces/Moberg_Anders_CES_2010.pdf