a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
bursts of
seismic tremor (1–3 Hz), and later becoming
periodic with energy between 2 and 8 Hz. After
18 October, seismicity increased to three events
per day (Figure 2b). Synchronous with this
increase, the ISGPS station SKRO (Figure 1b)
moved 9 mm westward over the following eight
days, and returned to its original position on 1
November (Figure 2c), suggesting subsurface
magma movement
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
in Askja
8 Projects
9 The weather in Iceland 2014
10 Finance
11 Sta?publications
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
3
One of the main goals of the merger of the Hydrological Service,
HS, and the Icelandic Meteorological Office, IMO, was to improve
the capabilities regarding monitoring, warnings and emergency
response due to natural hazards. Prior
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
were carried out to obtain the flow and
sliding parameters for Hoffellsjökull that resulted in a good
simulation of the observed 20th century evolution of the
glacier geometry. The obtained values for the rate factor
and the sliding parameter are A= 4.6× 10−15 s−1 kPa−3 and
C = 10× 10−15 m a−1 Pa−3, respectively.
The ice divide is kept at a fixed location in the model com-
putations presented here
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
either in exploiting
or protecting the resource. Stakeholders include the fol-
lowing categories: (1) competent water resource authority
(typically the water manager, cf. above); (2) interest
groups; and (3) general public.
1544 J.C. Refsgaard et al. / Environmental Modellin
The modelling process may, according to the HarmoniQuA
project (Refsgaard et al., 2005a; Scholten et al., 2007, http
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
height (C), u2 is wind speed at 2 m height (m s1),
es ea is saturation vapor pressure deficit (kPa), D is the
slope of the vapor pressure curve (kPa C1), and g is the
psychrometric constant (kPa C1).
[21] ETref as described in equation (3) is the potential
evapotranspiration for a hypothetical grass reference crop
with an assumed crop height of 0.12 m, a fixed surface
resistance of 70 s m
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
, Veðurstofu Íslands
Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 7
2 Model setup and data ................................................................................... 7
3 Model terrain and surface type ...................................................................... 9
4 Impact of initial conditions in blending
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf