The event originates from the subglacial lake Grímsvötn. The event is expected to be small, with maximum discharge on the order of magnitude 1000 cubic meters per second. The maximum of the flood is expected to be around the end of the week.
Conductivity measurements indicate a considerable increase of geothermal contribution to the water of the river. Simultaneously, the ice on the subglacial lake
/about-imo/news/nr/2859
2004 after finishing the case study. Newspapers were
distributed to 1000 households in the local area.
At the final joint meeting where both groups participated
in March 2004 (step 7), the stakeholder groups were asked
to comment on the involvement process on the basis of
four questions: (1) Is there a need for further initiatives for
the protection of groundwater? (2) How have you
experienced
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
flooding, sea level, sea level rise, risk assessment, natural hazard
This work was carried out for the Icelandic Meteorological Office and is a part of Masters Thesis ISSN
1650-6553 No. 470, published by the Department of Earth Sciences at Uppsala University in 2019. The
Masters Thesis is available as a whole at www.diva-portal.org.
Copyright c Guðrún Elín Jóhannsdóttir
Contents
1 Introduction
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
To distinguish between rain and snow, the volume is com-
pared to the water equivalent but the volume of snow is ten times larger.
Figure 1. How PWD22 determines the type of precipitation.
Using the information about the changes of the backscatter signal, water equivalent and temper-
ature the Vaisala Present Weather Detector can give information about the type of precipitation.
It is also used
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2019/VI_2019_009.pdf
extruded. At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km
long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow rate about 1000 m3
per second. There has been poor visibility until 11:30 UTC, then it has been moderate. The
eruptive fissure is visible since then and magma extrusion is still ongoing. White steam rising from
the eruption is also visible.
Seismic tremor
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_daily_status_report_31082014.pdf
in autumn and winter in the
100a flood from observations (m3 s)
100a flood from simulation
s
(m
3
s)
a
1
10
10
0
100
0
1000
0
1 10 100 1000 10000
0.
11
10
10
0
100
0
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Average discharge from
observations (m3 s)
Average discharge from
simulation
s
(m
3
s)
b
Fig. 4. Comparison of simulated (with observed temperatures and precipitations) and observed values in 1971–2000
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
changes in many natural
systems. Moreover, it also presents, in a greater or lesser extent, economical effects in
nearly every sector of activity. In this context, the tourism will be particularly affected
[1; 2]. There will be regional and seasonal shifts in global tourist flows, leaving some
countries more vulnerable to shifting climatic conditions [3]. European Mediterranean
countries
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
; Guðmundsson et al.,
2009b; see locations of the ice caps in Fig. 1). Constant lin-
ear vertical and horizontal precipitation gradients (0.5 per
100 m in vertical, 0.005 and −0.008 per 1000 m in hori-
zontal east and north direction, respectively) are used in
the model to take into account observed precipitation vari-
ations, assuming a constant snow/rain threshold of 1 ◦C. In
a previous study
/media/ces/Adalgeirsdottir-etal-tc-5-961-2011.pdf
(km3): No information
Longest lava flow, km: No information
Gas emissions, sulphur: No information
Interval between eruptions, years: (last 1000 years) Max: >100 years, min: <1 year
Last significant eruption: 1910 CE
Seismic characteristics Persistent seismic activity. No information on previous eruptions. Seismic
swarms expected
Deformation characteristics No information on previous
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_kafli20140825.pdf