coast, wind forcing is the primary
driver of sea level extremes but less so for the Kattegat/Skagerak region than for the Baltic (M.
Hieronymus, J. Hieronymus, and Arneborg, 2017). Like in Norway, atmospheric pressure is the
most influential contributor to mean sea level changes on timescales up to a few years in the UK
but steric changes dominate on decadal timescales (Dangendorf, Calafat, et al
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
and goals to un-
certainty in data and models have to be taken into account in
the management process.
The fundamental importance of uncertainty in water man-
agement can be illustrated by EU’s Water Framework Direc-
tive (WFD). The WFD is an outcome of EU environmental
policy, where one of the basic principles is ‘‘to contribute to
Uncertainty in the environmental m
and guidanc
Jens Christian
/media/loftslag/Refsgaard_etal-2007-Uncertainty-EMS.pdf
between November and May, whereas for
vhm102, vhm162 and vhm233, which are primarily of glacial origin, the AMF is mainly occur-
ring between June and September.
7
2.3 Meteorological data
Gridded daily air temperature at 2 m above ground (Crochet & Jóhannesson, 2011) and precip-
itation (Crochet, 2013) calculated on a 1x1 km grid for the period 1961–2014, were used in the
study.
2.4 Other data
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf
support
)
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e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
llea
rnin
g
Farmers
,loca
l
aut
horities
,
association
s
NO
P
IN
D
Cognitiv
e
mappin
g
HE
T
GM
B
NO
P
HE
T
Simulation
-
by-han
d
OT
:Researcher
s
KA
F
F
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r (Phas
e1
)
Co
n
ce
pt
u
al
m
o
de
l
(D
is
cu
ss
io
n
su
pp
o
rt
;
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unication
)
Improv
e
mode
l
(integration)
;
socia
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g
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s
NO
P
IN
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e
mappin
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HE
/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
and our intention is to run these models dur-
ing times of hazardous events and even on a daily
basis to further improve monitoring.
Avalanche monitoring has progressed. The em-
phasis is now on improving our services, especially
to the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
with regard to transport. The reason is that com-
munity structure has changed considerably in recent
years and the need
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
the maximum discharge of jökulhlaup water at the glacier
terminus is estimated as 97 m3 s 1. This jökulhlaup was a fast-rising jökulhlaup as
other jökulhlaups in Skaftá and cannot be described by the traditional Nye-theory of
jökulhlaups. The total volume of flood water was estimated as 53 Gl. The average
propagation speed of the subglacial jökulhlaup flood front was found to be in the range
0.2–0.4 m s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
of different country groupings in 2004. The
percentages in the bars in both panels indicate a region’s share in global GHG emissions. {WGIII Figures SPM.3a, SPM.3b}
Regional distribution of GHG emissions by population and by GDPPPP
and M&Tand M&
T
sectoral sources of GHGs in 2004 are considered in Figure 2.1c.
{WGIII 1.3, SPM}
The effect on global emissions of the decrease in global energy
intensity
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
Akureyri (sk) O F M I
Akureyri - Krossanesbraut (sj) I Arnarnesvegur (sj) O F M I Austurárdalsháls (sj) O I
Árnes (sj) O F M I Ásbyrgi (sj) O F M I Ásgarður (sj) F M I
Ásgarður (sk) O I Bakkagerði (sj) O I Básar á Goðalandi (sj) O I
Biskupsháls (sj) O I Bíldudalur (sj) O F M I Bjargtangar (sj) O F M I
Bjarnarey (sj) O F M I Bjarnarfjarðarháls (sj) I Björg í Kinn (sj) O I
Bláfeldur (sj) O F M I
/weather/stations/
/lexuriserv/lexuriserv.do?uri=com:2007:0002:FIN:EN:PDF, 13
April 2009.
[2] WTO, World Tourism Organization (2008): “Climate Change and Tourism -
Responding to Global Challenges”, UNWTO, 9 July 2008, Madrid, Spain.
Available at:
http://www.unwto.org/media/news/en/press_det.php?id=1411&idioma=E, 7
March 2010.
[3] Mooney, J.E. y Miller, M.L. (2009): “Climate change: Creating demand for
sustainable
/media/loftslag/ECONOMIC_EFFECTS_OF_CLIMATE_CHANGE_ON_THE_TOURISM_SECTOR_IN_SPAIN.pdf
improving
management policies and practices by learning from the
outcomes of implemented management strategies. Partici-
patory integrated assessment is here a form of problem
structuring for identification of gaps, ambiguity and
multiple frames, confrontation, and integration of the
most divergent views with respect to a given problem
situation.
Additional methods and tools that AM require com/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf