∙
m2∙°C-1∙day-1]
potential direct incoming shortwave radiation for each grid cell [Wh∙m-2]
potential direct incoming shortwave radiation for location of a meteorological
station [Wh∙m-2]
observed radiation at the location of the meteorological station [Wh∙m-2]
air temperature in a standard elevation of 2 m [°C]
threshold temperature for melt [°C]
Regines Hock's Meltmod method using
/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
with the speed of sound, as well as the plume exit velocity of Eyjafjallajökull
volcano calculated by Ripepe et. al., 2013, indicating that the first tremor that can be seen is
actually caused by an acoustic wave travelling through the air.
16
Figure 9. Seismic network maintained by the IMO as of February 26, 2000. The location of
Hekla is marked by a red star. The four stations to the WSW plotted
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2021/VI_2021_008.pdf
The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection and the Directorate of Health.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
The new lava field in Holuhraun was 44 square kilometres on last Saturday and still continues to grow. There are no
signs of the eruption being in decline.
The subsidence of the Bardarbunga
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20140929.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection, The Environment Agency of Iceland and the Directorate of Health.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
The eruption continues at a similar intensity as previous days. The lava production is steady and running to the
southeast from the grader.
Very high SO2
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141003.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection and The Environment Agency of Iceland.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
The eruption continues at a similar intensity as previous days.
The subsidence of the Bardarbunga caldera continues with similar rate.
23 earthquakes greater than M3.0 were
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141008.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection and the Directorate of Health.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
During last week the eruption continues at a similar intensity and with similar lava flow as previous weeks.
The subsidence of the Bardarbunga caldera continues with similar rate.
13
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141010.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
Scientists in Holuhraun confirm that the volcanic eruption continues with similar intensity as last few days. The lava
river runs from the northern end of the crater to the east with great force.
Seismic activity
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141022.pdf
University of Iceland along with
representatives from the Icelandic Civil Protection and the Environmental Agency of Iceland.
Main points
Volcanic eruption in Holuhraun
Air quality
Scenarios
Notes
The volcanic eruption in Holuhraun continues with similar intensity as last few weeks. The lava field is now 63
square kilometers.
Seismic activity in Bardarbunga continues
/media/jar/Factsheet_Bardarbunga_20141024.pdf
in Fjarðarbyggð.
Air quality in urban areas in the East of Iceland:
o Forecasts indicate that high concentrations of sulphuric gases may be
expected in the northern part of the Eastern fjords, Fljótsdalur, Hérað,
Jökuldalur, and on Langanes. Forecast indicates that concentration may
become higher later today. The Environment Agency will set up new
monitoring stations in Akureyri
/media/jar/myndsafn/Factsheet-Bardarbunga-20140913.pdf