than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
These
working hypotheses have been further developed into a
methodology for evaluating the level of Adaptive and
Integrated Water Management, which resulted in an ana-
lytical framework for assessing regime characteristics,
consisting of nine different dimensions of variables:
1. Agency
2. Awareness Raising & Education
3. Type of governance
4. Cooperation structures
5. Policy development
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
• Methodology
• Key findings
• Conclusions
2
Forestry in Finland
1. Land area distribution 2. Species distribution
Total Forestry land 26.3 mill. ha
3. Growing stocks, increment and drain 4. Site type distribution
Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute, 2008
3
Forest management
Final felling
Timber
Energy biomass
Thinning
Timber
Pre-commercial or
energy biomass thinning
Regeneration Regeneration
4
/media/ces/Alam_Ashraful_CES_2010.pdf
in Reykjavík in 1909. The seismograph was a Mainka instrument and it was sent from Germany under the auspices of the International Seismological Association (ISA). The seismograph measured the horizontal north-south component of the ground motion and the records were sent to Strasbourg for analyzing. In 1913 another seismograph of the same type was installed in Reykjavík that measured east-west
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/conferences/jsr-2009/100_years/
m
J
M5 [C°] -3
obs. [C°] -4
nce 1
re 5. Comp
26); an int
temperatu
this system
y gridded v
picion abo
-Jökulsá w
similar dif
han observ
h elevation
ces the effe
months No
ly only on
high the tem
n band wi
refore be s
onthly tem
an Feb Ma
.2 -3.1 -3.
.3 -4.1 -3.
.1 1.0 0.6
arison of m
erpolation
re is shown
atic differe
alues, see T
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atershed; b
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
drainage
works, and land-cover and land-use change.
Two other (sometimes indistinguishable)
challenges to stationarity have been exter-
nally forced, natural climate changes and
low-frequency, internal variability (e.g., the
Atlantic multidecadal oscillation) enhanced
by the slow dynamics of the oceans and ice
sheets (2, 3). Planners have tools to adjust
their analyses for known human distur-
bances
/media/loftslag/Milly_etal-2008-Stationarity-dead-Science.pdf
)
Green – Type2: 34 – 66%
(transitional)
Blue – Type 3: < 33%
(rainfall dominance)
⇒ Change towards increasing occurrence of
autumn/winter peak flows in annual series
Relative magnitude of rainfall-
induced peak flows in annual series
Ratio of Max (Aug – Feb)
Max (all months)
1961 - 1990 2021-2050
⇒Largest peak flow in some ’snowmelt’ areas
is actually an autumn/winter rainfall flood
Median
/media/ces/Lawrence_Deborah_CES_2010.pdf
Aug 1975 8 Apr−27 Jun 1993
NE
Region DK1
SSEENNWSWW central
CES conference, Oslo, Norway, 31 May - 2 June 2010
WT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
−
2
Westerly SW NW Central Northerly NE Easterly SE Southerly
Drought events are:
• associated to several WTs;
• mostly including different flow directions;
• different events by different WTs;
• only
/media/ces/AnneFleig_May2010_CES.pdf
Fault plane solutions of the earthquakes in Nordland, Norway
Ilma Janutyte(1), Jan Michalek(2), Conrad Lindholm(1), and Lars Ottemoller(2)
(1) NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway, (2) University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
This study is a part of the ongoing NEONOR2 project which is carried out in Nordland, norther
Norway. This work aims to define the fault plane solutions (FPS) of the earthquakes
/media/norsem/norsem_janutyte.pdf