at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf
Annual
report
? Icelandic Met O?e
Bústaðavegur –
Reykjavík
Iceland
Editors:
Sigurlaug
Gunnlaugsdóttir
Sigrún Karlsdóttir
Ingvar Kristinsson
Theódór F. Hervarsson
Design and layout:
Vinnustofa
Atla Hilmarssonar
Printing:
Oddi
Cover photo:
Oddur Sigurðsson
ISSN -
The Icelandic Meteorological O?ce, IMO, is responsi -
ble for real-time monitoring and forecasting
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
Guðmundsson, S., Björnsson, H., Pálsson, F., Jóhannesson, T., Hannesdóttir, H. o.fl. (2011). Modelling the 20th and 21st century evolution of Hoffellsjökull glacier, SE-Vatnajökull, Iceland. The Cryosphere, 5, 961-975, doi:10.5194/tc-5-961-2011.
Andreassen, L. M., & Oerlemans, J. (2009). Modelling long-term summer and winter balances and the climate sensitivity of Storbreen, Norway. Geogr. Ann., 91
/ces/publications/nr/1940
model grid point must be taken into account. At latitude f , the grid-box
size is given by
dA = a2 cosf dldf ; (1)
where a = 6371 km is the Earth’s mean radius, and latitude and longitude are measured in
radians. For the ECMWF reanalyses, angular grid-point spacing dl = df = p=180 is constant
across the domain. The low-pressure centre count at each grid point is then multiplied by dA=dA,
with mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
Publications
Publications
Flyers
Snorrason, Á., & Jónsdóttir, J. F. (2005). Climate and Energy 2003-2006. CE flyer 1
/climatology/research/ce/publications/
TS.1b, TS.2b}
Global anthropogenic GHG emissions
F-gases
CO2 from fossil fuel use and other sources
CH4 from agriculture, waste and energy
CO2 from deforestation, decay and peat
N2O from agriculture and others
GtC
O
2-eq / y
r
28.7
35.6
39.4
44.7
49.0
The largest growth in
GHG emissions between 1970 and 2004
has come from energy supply, transport and industry, while resi-
dential and commercial
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
to avalances:
An overview of the need for avalanche protection measures in Iceland (IMO Rep. 96004, 1996, authors T. Jóhannesson, K. Lied, S. Margreth and F. Sandersen) [summary of IMO publication 96003/96004] (html)
Adaptation of the Swiss Guidelines for supporting structures for Icelandic conditions (IMO Int. Rep. 99013, 1999, authors T. Jóhannesson and S. Margreth) (pdf 0.1 Mb)
Addendum
/avalanches/imo/protective/
vhm145 Vestari-Jökulsá D+J+L 844 751 11.3 924 1971–2014
vhm167 Austari-Jökulsá D+J 553 916 28.8 1208 1985–2014
8
vhm59
vhm64
vhm66
vhm102
vhm116
vhm162
vhm233
vhm235
vhm238
vhm144
vhm145
vhm167
Figure 1. Location of river basins.
9
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
ll
l
l
l
l l
0 100 200 300
50
15
0
25
0
35
0
Days since Sept. 1st
Q
(m
³/s
)
vhm59
S O N D J F M A M J
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_009.pdf