combinations indicate the
type of river, with the first letter indicating the primary type. Direct runoff river (D), presence
of lakes (S), glacier-fed river (J), groundwater (L).
Gauging station vhm vhm vhm vhm vhm vhm
19 10 26 145 66 64
Name Dynjandisá Svartá Sandá Vestari- Hvítá Ölfusá
Jökulsá
Type of river D+L D+L D+L D+J+L L+J L+D+J+S
Drainage area (km 2) 42 397 267 850 1664 5687
Mean altitude (m a.s.l
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/VI_2013_008.pdf
coast, wind forcing is the primary
driver of sea level extremes but less so for the Kattegat/Skagerak region than for the Baltic (M.
Hieronymus, J. Hieronymus, and Arneborg, 2017). Like in Norway, atmospheric pressure is the
most influential contributor to mean sea level changes on timescales up to a few years in the UK
but steric changes dominate on decadal timescales (Dangendorf, Calafat, et al
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf
the maximum discharge of jökulhlaup water at the glacier
terminus is estimated as 97 m3 s 1. This jökulhlaup was a fast-rising jökulhlaup as
other jökulhlaups in Skaftá and cannot be described by the traditional Nye-theory of
jökulhlaups. The total volume of flood water was estimated as 53 Gl. The average
propagation speed of the subglacial jökulhlaup flood front was found to be in the range
0.2–0.4 m s 1
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
in an overall
cold bias, compared with station measurements. To test, whether this is due to the HARMONIE
model core or the external surface scheme, biases of 2-m temperature from SURFEX are com-
pared with biases of temperature projected from the lowest two model levels to 2 mAGL. It is
found that the negative temperature biases are due to shallow inversion layers near the ground,
which are introduced
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
of snow avalanches agains dams and retarding obstacles:
A laboratory study of the interaction between supercritical, shallow flows and dams (IMO Int. Rep. 03038, 2003, authors K. M. Hákonardóttir, A. Hogg and T. Jóhannesson) (pdf 1.3 Mb)
Avalanche braking mound experiments with snow. Switzerland − March 2002 (IMO Int. Rep. 03023, 2003, authors K. M. Hákonardóttir, T. Jóhannesson, F
/avalanches/imo/lab/
values. For Part 2, data files describing the local wind statistics on the regular model
grid covering Iceland are made available through an online wind atlas (follow the link from
http://www.vedur.is/vedur/vedurfar/vindorka/). The files contain estimates of Weibull parameters
at each grid point, for twelve wind direction sectors, five heights (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 m above
ground level (mAGL
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
of different country groupings in 2004. The
percentages in the bars in both panels indicate a region’s share in global GHG emissions. {WGIII Figures SPM.3a, SPM.3b}
Regional distribution of GHG emissions by population and by GDPPPP
and M&Tand M&
T
sectoral sources of GHGs in 2004 are considered in Figure 2.1c.
{WGIII 1.3, SPM}
The effect on global emissions of the decrease in global energy
intensity
/media/loftslag/IPPC-2007-ar4_syr.pdf
caldera
covered by 150- to 250-m-thick ice (Figure
1). Its highest peak, Grímsfjall, on the southern
caldera rim, reaches an elevation of 1722 m.
Volcanic eruptions there, numbering several
per century, are phreatomagmatic because
of the ice cover, and they usually persist for
days to weeks. Geothermal activity continu-
ously melts the overlying ice, and meltwater
accumulates in a subglacial
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
................................................................................................................... 8
Liss M. Andreassen, Hallgeir Elvehøy, Sindre Engh and Bjarne Kjøllmoen ..................... 9
Lidar measurements of Norwegian glaciers – an overview
Neil Arnold* and Gareth Rees .............................................................................................. 10
Calculation of glacier velocity from repeat
/media/vatnafar/joklar/Reykholt-abstracts.pdf
at the operational/local level.
A calibrated approach (standardized questionnaires and
interviews, expert judgment, and reinterpretation of out-
comes by means of relevant literature) was used to com-
pare the state of affairs in water management in the
selected case-studies.
Adaptive and integrated water management
Given the expected increase of climate-related extreme
events, water governance capabilities
/media/loftslag/Huntjens_etal-2010-Climate-change-adaptation-Reg_Env_Change.pdf