a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
and 25% coldest years
All years
1971-2000
25% coldest
25% warmest
Change in number of flood events (POT)
between 25% warmest and 25% coldest years
POT > median Q peaks (71-00)
barb2right +22%
+1.7°CCatchment name
POT > mean annual maximum Q (71-00)
SW rain-shadow
barb2right +156%
barb2right -56%
North rain-shadow South-SW exposedCenter North
Catchment name
Summary
• All catchments showed signs
/media/ces/Crochet_Philippe_CES_2010.pdf
Capacity (A)
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
control
future
+0.4std dev (as % of
mean)
-0.68max
-8.32min
-1.74mean
% change
June 2010 15
Time series
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year of control period
Seasonal average rating
Calculated capacity
450
500
550
600
650
700
Hour
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
A
)
Typical year under future scenario
Calculated capacity
Seasonal average
/media/ces/Cradden_Lucy_CES_2010.pdf
in an overall
cold bias, compared with station measurements. To test, whether this is due to the HARMONIE
model core or the external surface scheme, biases of 2-m temperature from SURFEX are com-
pared with biases of temperature projected from the lowest two model levels to 2 mAGL. It is
found that the negative temperature biases are due to shallow inversion layers near the ground,
which are introduced
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
to theoretical framework. I do also want to thank him for an
enjoyable time during this work, both in the office and in the field.
This work was carried out as a part of the Skaftá cauldrons research project which
was funded and supported by the Icelandic Centre For Research (RANNÍS), Kvískerja-
sjóður, the NASA Astrobiology Institute, Landsvirkjun (the National Power Com-
pany), the National Energy
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
the com-
plexity of the hydrological processes through modelling, but its application is usually limited to
the short-range. Although the results demonstrated a great potential for this method, its success-
ful application in real-time will strongly depend on the quality and availability of streamflow
observations, which can be poor or simply missing during periods of variable durations, e.g
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_006.pdf
This is also the case with
cyclones in all three sectors. Cyclones in the eastern or western sector are also strongly affected
by the presence of central cyclones. In both sectors, cyclones tend to move east, unless there are
cyclones in the neighbouring sector, in which case pressure tendencies are reversed.
21
Figure 10. Composite mean temporal MSLP tendencies, for different MSLP modes. Com-
posite mean
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_005.pdf
M
(171FT
)
FRE
Q
UENCIE
S
(PE
R
CENT
)
O
F
OCCU
R
RENC
E
O
F
CONCURREN
T
WIN
D
DIRECTIO
N
(I
N
30
0
SEC
T
ORS
)
AN
D
SPEE
D
(I
N
KN
O
TS
)
WITHI
N
SPECIFIE
D
RANGE
S
ANN
U
A
L
WIN
D
WIN
D
SPEE
D
(KT)
)
DIRECTIO
N
CAL
M
1–
5
6–1
0
11–1
5
16–2
0
21–2
5
26–3
0
31–3
5
36–4
0
41–4
5
46–5
0
>5
0
T
O
T
A
L
V
ARIABL
E
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35-36-0
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
14
02-03-0
4
0
2
4
4
3
1
0
0
/media/vedur/aerodrome_summaries_20140603.pdf
(Percent) By
Year Built Categories
Percent of Homes Damaged By Year Built
Categories
36
24
26
28
30
32
34
Pre 1980 80-96 97-2002 Post 2002
Percent Damaged
All Homes – Damage Per Square
Foot
All Homes - Damage Per Square Foot
2
2.5
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
0
0.5
1
1.5
< 120 120-129 130-139 140-149 > 149
D
a
m
a
g
e
P
e
r
S
q
.
F
o
o
t
Pre 1980
1980-1996
1997-2002
Post 2002
/media/loftslag/FMI_-_Disaster_Mitigation.pdf
Thursday, 14 November
Time Agenda Item
09:00 – 10:30
09:00 – 09:20
09:20 – 09:40
09:40 – 10:00
10:00 – 10:30
Potential Arctic / Mid-Latitude Linkages - East Asia (Chair: Jim Overland)
Rapid Arctic Warming in Recent Decades and Its Impact on Climate Change over East Asia
- S-J Kim
Extreme weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to cryosphere loss - Q Tang
A cause of the AO
/media/loftslag/Mid-Latitudes-Agenda1_nov2013EH.pdf