precipitation.
A strong reflection may be observed though precipitation does not reach the ground, i.e. when water droplets evaporate while falling.
The weather radar laser beam is cone shaped and therefore the farther away a signal is the higher in altitude it needs to be to be detected.
At a distance of 100 km from the weather radar the laser beam does not detect signals which are under 1000 m from
/weather/articles/nr/1221
extruded. At 07 AM the lava flow was around 1 km wide and 3 km
long towards northeast. The thickness was estimated a few meters, the flow rate about 1000 m3
per second. There has been poor visibility until 11:30 UTC, then it has been moderate. The
eruptive fissure is visible since then and magma extrusion is still ongoing. White steam rising from
the eruption is also visible.
Seismic tremor
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_daily_status_report_31082014.pdf
is slightly higher. Conductivity measured in
Jökulsá á Fjöllum at the bridge north of Vaðöldu, in the Rjúpnabrekkukvísl and in the Köldukvísl is
similar what was measured at the same time yesterday.
Conditions at eruption site
No eruption.
Seismic tremor
Strong low-frequency (~1Hz) tremor has not been detected since yesterday at 13:00.
Earthquakes
More than 1000 earthquakes have been
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_daily_status_report_en_24082014.pdf
characteristics:
Type of products: Airborne tephra, water transported tephra
Volcanic Explosivity Index Max: VEI 4; most freq: VEI 3-4; min: VEI 0
Column heights: No information
Duration of eruptions: Weeks to months
Bulk volume tephra (km3): Max: no information, aver: 0.1, min: no information
Fallout beyond 1000 km: No information
Tephra <63µm at 30 km No information
Bulk volume lava
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_kafli20140825.pdf
: - Hectopascal, 1 hPa = 1 mb.
I
Í
J
K
klst: klukkustund = hour, hours
km: - Kilometre - 1000 metres.
L
lau: laugardagur = Saturday
M
M - m: metre
m/s: Metres per second, wind speed
mán: mánudagur = Monday
mið: miðvikudagur = Wednesday
mín. minutes.
mm: - Millimetres. Precipiation is measured in mm.
N
N: Icelandic abbreviation of North (compass direction, northerly, northern).
NA
/weather/articles/nr/1208
: - Hectopascal, 1 hPa = 1 mb.
I
Í
J
K
klst: klukkustund = hour, hours
km: - Kilometre - 1000 metres.
L
lau: laugardagur = Saturday
M
M - m: metre
m/s: Metres per second, wind speed
mán: mánudagur = Monday
mið: miðvikudagur = Wednesday
mín. minutes.
mm: - Millimetres. Precipiation is measured in mm.
N
N: Icelandic abbreviation of North (compass direction, northerly, northern).
NA
/weather/articles/nr/1208/
have struck in the SISZ and caused damage to
inhabited areas. Annals state that for the past 1000 years, at least 33 earthquakes have
caused severe damage in the South Iceland lowland (SIL) (Einarsson et al., 1981). Based
on this history, and that the last sequence of major earthquakes had occurred in 1896,
Einarsson (1985) concluded that there was 80% probability that a major sequence would
2
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_003rs.pdf
that might be the result of the specific beginning and end dates
used in these regression analyses, linear SAT trend values were also calculated for 1000 time-
series with randomised beginning and end years within a 10-year range centred around the fixed
beginning and end years. This analysis was repeated 10 times, and the mean values of each set of
randomised trends, as well as their standard
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
ECHAM4/OPYC3 NorClim/HIRHAM 25x25 km
'Empirical Adjustment' to 1 x 1 km
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
1 10 100 1000
Return period (years)
P
e
a
k
d
a
i
l
y
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
(
m
3
/
s
)
1981-2010 GEV from annual max series
2021-2050 GEV from annual max series
2021 - 2050 Annual maximum series
1981 - 2010 Annual maximum series
1981-2010
200-year flood
2021
/media/ces/Lawrence_Deborah_CES_2010.pdf