The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
T., and T. C. Wallace, 1995. Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press.
McNutt, S. R. (2005). Volcanic Seismology. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 15.1–
15.31. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122459.
Meissner, R. and J. Strehlau (1982). Limits of stresses in continental crusts and their
relation to the depth-frequency distribution of shallow earthquakes, Tectonics, 1, 73–
89.
Pedersen
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_013.pdf
-specific power coefficient, which has a theoretical maximum of
0.593 (Betz, 1966). Practically, however, the power coefficient of modern wind turbines typically
has highest values of 0.40 – 0.50, for wind speeds between 5 and 10 m s 1. The effective power
curve, i.e., the actual power produced by a given turbine as a function of wind speed, needs to be
determined empirically, and is made available
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2013/2013_001_Nawri_et_al.pdf
bridges, and culverts. This dependency necessities a new analysis of precipitation extremes and
a reassessment of precipitation return periods. The modern-day availability of high temporal
frequency precipitation measurements, i.e. down to 10 minutes, at various locations around the
country enables testing and refinement of the original 1M5 model. Moreover, there have been
major advances
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_008.pdf
of what may happen in the future after adapting the event to
modern or future conditions. Statistical models based on the instrumental record do not necessarily
include the most drastic events possible since confidence intervals usually describe how well the
models fit the data used without considering how well the data represents what may happen. There-
fore, information about historical events
/media/vedurstofan-utgafa-2020/VI_2020_005.pdf