a systematic com-
parison of results to observed precipitation has been carried out. Un-
dercatchment of solid precipitation is dealt with by looking only at
days when precipitation is presumably liquid or by considering the
occurrence and non-occurrence of precipitation. Away from non-
resolved orography, the long term means (months, years) of observed
and simulated precipitation are often
/media/ces/Paper-Olafur-Rognvaldsson_92.pdf
of Brúarjökull at 866 mASL.
15
Figure 6. Absolute mean errors of SURFEX 2-m air temperature and 10-m wind speed
compared with horizontally averaged station data (model minus measurements). Triangles
indicated locations, where mean errors (biases) are negative. Terrain elevation contour
lines are drawn at 1000 and 1500 mASL.
each grid point are linearly projected onto the same heights above ground
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_005.pdf
of events closely.
Photo: Sigurlaug Gunnlaugsdóttir.
Bárðarbunga
Pálmi Erlendsson, Bergur H. Bergsson and others installing GPS and com-
munication equipment. Photos: Þorgils Ingvarsson and Benedikt G. Ófeigsson.
I C E L A N D I C M E T O F F I C E / A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 4
5
The magma intrusion from Bárðarbunga
to the eruption site at Holuhraun and
related tremor pulses
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/IMO_AnnualReport2014.pdf
impact
studies focus on surface water, i.e., rainfall-runoff processes
[e.g., Christensen et al., 2004; Graham et al., 2007a; Vanr-
heenen et al., 2004], whereas Allen et al. [2004] pointed out
that fewer studies investigate the impact of climate change
on groundwater [Allen et al., 2004; Bouraoui et al., 1999;
Brouye`re et al., 2004; Jyrkama and Sykes, 2007; Loa´iciga
et al., 2000; Scibek and Allen
/media/loftslag/vanRoosmalen_etal-2009-WRR_2007WR006760.pdf
of catchments is shown in Fig. 1. Table
1 summarizes the main catchment characteristics. The drainage area varies from 37 km2 for the
smallest to 1096 km2 for the largest catchment.
Table 1. Main characteristics of river basins.
Gauging Name Area Mean Mean annual Available period
station (km2) elevation precipitation for
(m a.s.l) (mm) (1971-2000) streamflow data
vhm51 Hjaltadalsá 296 730 1711 since 1958
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2014/VI_2014_001.pdf
activity and possible hazards
During the last millennium, Hekla has erupted 23 times, making it the third most active volcano in Iceland. Hekla's most recent eruption was in February 2000, when a 10 to 12-km-high plume of ash, gas and water vapour persisted for a couple of hours. The most recent major eruption of Hekla in 1947 created a volcanic plume that rose to about 30 km in the stratosphere
/about-imo/news/monitoring-hekla
et al.
3
2005
Seismic hazard in the Hengill area based on the SIL earthquake catalogue - First results (PDF)
Kristján Ágústsson, Páll Halldórsson
42
0,8
2005
A model of the release of the two June 2000 earthquakes based on all available observations (PDF)
Sigurlaug Hjaltadóttir, Kristín S. Vogfjörð, Þóra Árnadóttir, Páll Einarsson, Peter Suhadolc
8
8,2
2005
/earthquakes-and-volcanism/reports-and-publications/
The glacier margin in the year 2000 is shown with a red curve.
Spoken weather forecast
Weather information via recorded messageTel: (+354) 902 0600
/weather/articles/bigimg/1618
and Reykjavík.
The fault on which the earthquake occurred is the same fault that gave rise to a magnitude 7 earthquake in August 1784.
Yesterday's earthquake was not preceded by foreshocks and only a few aftershocks have been detected. This is the largest earthquake in this area since 2000, and the largest in the South Iceland lowland region (South Iceland seismic zone) since 2008.
It is possible
/about-imo/news/nr/2888