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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
is underlain by a dense intrusive complex (probably gabbro), about 12 km in diameter.
Below the centre of the caldera, material with lower density occurs, possibly a caldera fill, a subsided block or
both. Existence of magma chamber is uncertain. If a shallow level magma chamber exists below the
Bárðarbunga volcano a likely location is at the base of the lower density region. Earthquakes occur
/media/jar/Bardarbunga_kafli20140825.pdf
ea
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
Icelandic glaciers. Jo¨kull 58,
365386.
Bjo¨rnsson H., Pa´lsson F. & Haraldsson H.H. 2002. Mass balance
of Vatnajo¨kull (19912001) and Langjo¨kull (19962001),
Iceland. Jo¨kull 51, 7578.
Bouillon A., Bernard M., Gigord P., Orsoni A., Rudowski V. &
Baudoin A. 2006. SPOT 5 HRS geometry performance: using
block adjustments as a key issue to improve quality of DEM
generation. ISPRS Journal
/media/ces/Gudmundsson-etal-2011-PR-7282-26519-1-PB.pdf
on an already dense
area might be beneficial for the developer and for the buyer, but the decision to build more homes will also
entail negative externalities for the public; it might deteriorate urban ecosystem services (e.g. remove parks
and trees or block the sea view) and increase the problems that already exist in urban areas (e.g. urban
flooding enhanced by nonporous surfaces or the heat
/media/loftslag/programme2---PhD-Workshop-preceding-Adaptation-Research-Conference.pdf