im-
proved by a double-difference location meth-
od [Slunga et al., 1995], and supported by P -
wave particle-motion analysis at GRF, reveal a
northerly trending event distribution, centered
at the southern caldera rim, ~1 km east of the
main eruption site (Figure 1b). Focal depths
mostly concentrate above 4 km and decrease
by ~2 km near the eruption onset.
The detection threshold
/media/jar/myndsafn/2005EO260001.pdf
• Baseline / automatic adaptation/ planned adaptation
• Beware of double counting (stocks-flows; costs-transfers)
• Uncertainty / Risk / Volatility
8/26/2011Adriaan Perrels/IL 12
Duration of alternatives
• The discount rate (r) in the NPV calculation
needs to be chosen
• If a project is (predominantly) commercial a bank interest
rate can be used and nominal prices to allow for inflation
effects
/media/loftslag/Perrels-CBA.pdf
m
J
M5 [C°] -3
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nce 1
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/media/ces/2010_017.pdf
The hydrological simulations were performed with the Wa-
tershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS) developed
and operated in the Finnish Environment Institute (Vehviläinen
et al., 2005). The WSFS is used in Finland for operational hydrolog-
ical forecasting and flood warnings (www.environment.fi/water-
forecast/), regulation planning and research purposes
(Vehviläinen and Huttunen, 1997
/media/ces/Journal_of_Hydrology_Veijalainen_etal.pdf
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/media/loftslag/Hare-2011-ParticipatoryModelling.pdf
than can be expected to originate from the cauldrons, three to four times the wa-
ter equivalent of the accumulation of snow over the watershed of the cauldrons. It has
been estimated that flow from the cauldrons, in addition to the jökulhlaups, could be
2–5 m3 s 1 at maximum (Vatnaskil, 2005). It is possible that part of the sulfate-rich
groundwater from the glacier comes from the cauldrons
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_006_tt.pdf
J-17, J-21 and M-29. Locations of seismic stations are also sown
(purple triangles).
High-precision earthquake locations, with optimum achievable location accuracy on the order
of tens of meters are currently obtained through relative relocation (double difference) of
manually located earthquakes (Slunga et al., 1995; Hjaltadóttir and Vogfjörd, 2005). The
objective is to obtain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2010/2010_012rs.pdf
stage and is
also connected to the feedback processes (double sided arrows in Fig. 2) between stages
(Pahl-Wostl 2007). The first feedback between the blocks denoted ‘Establish Status and
Goals’ and ‘Build Commitment to Reform’ deals with prioritisation of the water resources
and the status of the present water resources management system as influenced by recent
international developments
/media/loftslag/VanderKeur_etal-2008-Uncertainty_IWRM-WARM.pdf