From 1925 to 1938, Aiviekste HPP
was the largest in Latvia.
Daugava and Aiviekste Basins
Study area
After Plavinas HPP was constructed in 1967,
territories near Plavinas city and above river to
Jekabpils city almost every spring are endangered
by floods caused mostly by ice jams.
Hydrological model
• since year 1994, HBV model is used at LVGMC
• HBV 96 model (version 4.5) was used to simulate
/media/ces/Kurpniece_Liga_CES_2010.pdf
scenario, precipitation increased by 10–15% from 1961–90 to
2070–99, and by 5–10% for the lower emitting scenarios (corresponding to approximately 0.5–1%
per decade).
The CE project also examined RCM results for Iceland based on the HIRHAM model (Haugen and
Iversen, 2006). These results showed enhanced warming over the interior of Iceland compared with
the coastal zone, and a tendency for enhanced
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
it is often very hard to
assess the temporal evolution of an eruption once it has started. Question: Should an eruption occur, will be the main city of
Reykjavik affected by tephra fallout?Answer: Recent
numerical studies show that given an eruption of the same size as in 1362,
Reykjavik has a likelihood between 5 and 25% to be covered by 1 mm of ash. This
likelihood is less than 5% for a deposit 1
/volcanoes/about-volcanoes/oraefajokull/q-a/
in
northern Europe. As a first illustration, Fig. 1.1 shows alternative probability distributions of
December mean temperature for Helsinki, Finland. The first one (blue line) is estimated
directly from the observations for 1961-1990, the official WMO normal period. The second
one (in green), was obtained by extending the observational baseline by 18 years, up to the
year 2008. This should yield
/media/ces/CES_D2.4_task1.pdf
contours). Bottom panel: manned and automated surface
observations over Iceland.
13
Figure 4. Hourly rainfall during 3 September 2012, based on HARMONIE model simula-
tions. Times are in UTC (local time).
14
Figure 5. Distribution of low- (red crosses), medium- (green vertical lines), and high-
level (blue horizontal lines) cloud cover of at least 90%, based on HARMONIE model
simulations. Terrain
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2015/VI_2015_006.pdf
of Eyjafjallajökull and Mýrdalsjökull
was held. All institutes that are
involved during real events
participated and inhabitants were
evacuated
Information from CPD
IMO – CPD collaboration
IMO issues warnings and information on natural hazards to CPD
CPD activates their contingency plan accordingly
Information to public issued through
public radio and television
web
mobil web
text TV/media/loftslag/Karlsdottir-Risk_analysis_IMO_SK.pdf