= b·Mwi
CMT
+ c , i = 1,…5,
with b = 1 and the parameter c estimated by least squares to be -4.88. Having determined c, the
magnitudes of all earthquakes in the data set are recalculated according to:
Mw(v)i := Ci + 4.88
With a determined to be -1.63 in the first step, the resulting log-linear attenuation relationship
becomes:
88.4)(log63.1)(log 1010 −+⋅−= MrPGV , (A)
Equation
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/skyrslur/2009/VI_2009_012.pdf
2007a, b). BNs were tested in a recent EU
research project MERIT (Bromley, 2005; www.merit-
eu.net) 2001–2004, and this tool is currently considered in
Uncer
wate
NeWa
an
tainty is a central theme in integrated and adaptive
r management, where different disciplines need to be
Monitor and evaluate outcomes; apply learning to
develop a better understanding of the system.
(4)
Implement policies;(3
/media/loftslag/Henriksen_Barlebo-2008-AWM_BBN-Journ_Env_Management.pdf
Change 19 (2009) 122–133
A R T I C L E I N F O
Article history:
Received 14 November 2007
Received in revised form 21 August 2008
Accepted 25 August 2008
Keywords:
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Scenario
Participation
Resilience
Brazil
A B S T R A C T
The main drawback of the Story-and-Simulation approach is the weak link between qualitative and
quantitative scenarios. A semi-quantitative tool, Fuzzy
/media/loftslag/Kok_JGEC658_2009.pdf
which are significantly lower com-
pared with similar beginning and end years. Consequently, for the 2004–50 period, the average
RCM warming rates of 0.29 K per decade over the ocean, and 0.35 K per decade over the land are
somewhat larger than for the reduced IPCC ensemble mean.
Additionally, the tabulated values of SAT differences between the 1961–90 control period and
either the 2021–50
/media/ces/2010_005_.pdf
level, surveys commissioned by the European Com-
munity/the European Union provide an indication of trends in concern about cli-
mate change. Since 1992, such surveys have been undertaken among representative
samples of citizens in its Member States, and specifically on topics related to the
environment (Special Eurobarometers (EB) in 1992, 1995, 2002; and a Flash EB
in 2002). These have included
/media/loftslag/Lorenzoni_Pidgeon_2006.pdf
and our intention is to run these models dur-
ing times of hazardous events and even on a daily
basis to further improve monitoring.
Avalanche monitoring has progressed. The em-
phasis is now on improving our services, especially
to the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration
with regard to transport. The reason is that com-
munity structure has changed considerably in recent
years and the need
/media/vedurstofan/utgafa/arsskyrslur/VED_AnnualReport-2013_screen.pdf
the principalmethods have not changed much over the years, theamount of field work has varied. In the first 15 yearsthe monitoring programme at Storbreen was com-prehensive, often three or more snow density pits
were dug, snow depth was measured at about 600points and ablation was measured on 30 stakes
evenly distri uted on the glacier (Liestøl 1967).Based on experience of the snow pattern, the ob-
servations
/media/ces/GA_2009_91A_4_Andreassen.pdf
-2030 was adopted at the Third UN World Conference
in Sendai Japan.The Sendai Framework has seven global
targetsa) Substantially
reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower the average per 100,000
global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015;b) Substantially reduce the number of affected
people globally by 2030, aiming to lower the average global
/about-imo/news/international-day-for-disaster-reduction-13th-of-october-2017-home-safe-home
developments (European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Publication EUR 23339, 2009, ISBN 978-92-79-08885-8, ISSN 1018-5593, DOI 10.2777/12871. Edited by T. Jóhannesson, P. Gauer, P. Issler and K. Lied. Contributions by M. Barbolini, U. Domaas, T. Faug, P. Gauer, K. M. Hákonardóttir, C. B. Harbitz, D. Issler, T. Jóhannesson, K. Lied, M. Naaim, F. Naaim-Bouvet and L. Rammer) (pdf 1.6 Mb; high
/avalanches/imo/protective/